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1 conscientia
conscĭentĭa, ae, f. [st1]1 [-] connaissance en commun, connaissance partagée, confidence, complicité, connivence. - gén. subj. hominum conscientia remota, Cic. Fin. 2, 28: toute possibilité pour le monde d'avoir une connaissance de la chose étant écartée (= sans que le monde puisse en prendre connaissance). - consilia seducta a plurium conscientia, Liv, 2, 54, 7: des assemblées qui ne sont dans la confidence que d'un petit nombre. - liberti unius conscientia utebatur, Tac. An. 6, 21: il n'admettait qu'un seul affranchi dans la confidence. - est tibi Augustae conscientia, Tac. An. 2, 77: tu as la connivence d'Augusta. - gén. obj. in conscientiam facinoris pauci adsciti, Tac. H. 1, 25: un petit nombre seulement furent mis dans la confidence du crime. - consilia conscientiaeque ejus modi facinorum, Cic. Clu. 56: les instigations et la complicité dans de tels forfaits. - propter conscientiam mei sceleris, Cic. Clu. 81: pour complicité dans mon crime, pour avoir été d'intelligence avec moi dans le crime. [st1]2 [-] claire connaissance qu'on a au fond de soi-même, sentiment intime. - mea conscientia copiarum nostrarum, Cic. Q. 2, 14, 2: le sentiment que j'ai de nos ressources. - conscientia virium et nostrarum et suarum, Liv. 8, 4, 10: la claire conscience qu'ils ont de nos forces comme des leurs. - conscientia quid abesset virium, Liv. 3, 60, 6: sentant bien l'infériorité de leurs forces. - inerat conscientia derisui fuisse nuper falsum e Germania triumphum, Tac. Agr. 39: il le savait bien: son faux triomphe au sortir de sa récente campagne de Germanie venait de le ridiculiser. - conscientia victoriae, Tac. Agr. 27: le sentiment de la victoire. - praecipitis ut nostram stabilem conscientiam contemnamus, aliorum errantem opinionem aucupemur, Cic. Fin. 2, 71: vous nous engagez à mépriser l'assurance que nous donne notre sentiment intime pour rechercher l'opinion flottante d'autrui. - salvā conscientiā, Sen. Ep. 117, 1: sans sacrifier mon sentiment intime (mes convictions). [st1]3 [-] sens moral sentiment intime de qqch, claire connaissance intérieure. - conscientia bene actae vitae, Cic. CM. 9: la conscience d'avoir bien rempli sa vie. - fretus conscientia officii mei, Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 6: fort du sentiment que j'ai d'avoir rempli mes devoirs. - conscientia optimae mentis, Cic. Br. 250: le sentiment d'avoir eu d'excellentes intentions. - mediocrium delictorum conscientia, Cic. Mil. 64: la conscience d'avoir commis de légères peccadilles. - cum conscientia scelerum tuorum agnoscas... Cic. Cat. 1, 17: du moment que, conscient de tes crimes, tu reconnais... - satisfactionem ex nulla conscientia de culpa proponere, Sall. C. 35, 2: présenter une justification tirée du fait de n'avoir pas conscience d'une faute (d'un sentiment de son innocence). [st1]4 [-] for intérieur, témoignage de la conscience, conscience (bonne ou mauvaise); remords. - conscientia animi, Cic. Fin. 2, 54; Caes. BC. 3, 60, 2: témoignage de la conscience, voix de la conscience. - recta conscientia, Cic. Att. 13, 20, 4: bonne conscience. - bona conscientia, Sen. Ep. 43, 5: bonne conscience. - mala conscientia, Sall. J. 8: mauvaise conscience. - abs. conscientia: bonne conscience. - nihil me praeter conscientiam meam delectavit, Cic. Att.: rien ne m'a fait plaisir à part la conscience d'avoir bien agi. - cf. Mil. 61; 83; Clu. 159; Tusc. 2, 64. - conscientia mille testes, Quint. 5, 11, 41: conscience vaut mille témoins. - salvā bonā conscientiā, Sen. Nat. 4, pr. 15: en conservant la conscience pure. - mea mihi conscientia pluris est quam omnium sermo, Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2: ma conscience me parle davantage que tous les discours. - abs. conscientia: mauvaise conscience. - angor conscientiae, Cic. Leg. 1, 40: les tourments qu'inflige la conscience. - an te conscientia timidum faciebat? Cic. Verr. 5, 74: ou bien ta conscience te rendait-elle craintif? - cf. Cat. 2, 13; 3, 10; Leg. 2, 43, etc. - ex conscientia diffidens, Sall. J. 32, 5: défiant par suite de la conscience qu'il a de ses crimes. - ne quis modestiam in conscientiam duceret, Sall. J. 85, 26: pour empêcher qu'on n'interprétât ma réserve comme la conscience de mon indignité. - animi conscientiā excruciari, Cic. Fin. 2, 53: être tourmenté par le remords. - maleficii conscientiā perterritus, Cic. Clu. 38: effrayé par le remords de son crime. - te conscientiae stimulant maleficiorum tuorum, Cic. Par. 18: les remords de tes crimes t'aiguillonnent. - cf. Cic. Amer. 67. - conscientiā morderi, Cic. Tusc. 4, 45: souffrir des remords de conscience. - cf. Cic. Off. 3, 85; Sall. C. 15, 4. - ex conscientia ne... Tac. Agr. 42: par scrupule, de crainte que...* * *conscĭentĭa, ae, f. [st1]1 [-] connaissance en commun, connaissance partagée, confidence, complicité, connivence. - gén. subj. hominum conscientia remota, Cic. Fin. 2, 28: toute possibilité pour le monde d'avoir une connaissance de la chose étant écartée (= sans que le monde puisse en prendre connaissance). - consilia seducta a plurium conscientia, Liv, 2, 54, 7: des assemblées qui ne sont dans la confidence que d'un petit nombre. - liberti unius conscientia utebatur, Tac. An. 6, 21: il n'admettait qu'un seul affranchi dans la confidence. - est tibi Augustae conscientia, Tac. An. 2, 77: tu as la connivence d'Augusta. - gén. obj. in conscientiam facinoris pauci adsciti, Tac. H. 1, 25: un petit nombre seulement furent mis dans la confidence du crime. - consilia conscientiaeque ejus modi facinorum, Cic. Clu. 56: les instigations et la complicité dans de tels forfaits. - propter conscientiam mei sceleris, Cic. Clu. 81: pour complicité dans mon crime, pour avoir été d'intelligence avec moi dans le crime. [st1]2 [-] claire connaissance qu'on a au fond de soi-même, sentiment intime. - mea conscientia copiarum nostrarum, Cic. Q. 2, 14, 2: le sentiment que j'ai de nos ressources. - conscientia virium et nostrarum et suarum, Liv. 8, 4, 10: la claire conscience qu'ils ont de nos forces comme des leurs. - conscientia quid abesset virium, Liv. 3, 60, 6: sentant bien l'infériorité de leurs forces. - inerat conscientia derisui fuisse nuper falsum e Germania triumphum, Tac. Agr. 39: il le savait bien: son faux triomphe au sortir de sa récente campagne de Germanie venait de le ridiculiser. - conscientia victoriae, Tac. Agr. 27: le sentiment de la victoire. - praecipitis ut nostram stabilem conscientiam contemnamus, aliorum errantem opinionem aucupemur, Cic. Fin. 2, 71: vous nous engagez à mépriser l'assurance que nous donne notre sentiment intime pour rechercher l'opinion flottante d'autrui. - salvā conscientiā, Sen. Ep. 117, 1: sans sacrifier mon sentiment intime (mes convictions). [st1]3 [-] sens moral sentiment intime de qqch, claire connaissance intérieure. - conscientia bene actae vitae, Cic. CM. 9: la conscience d'avoir bien rempli sa vie. - fretus conscientia officii mei, Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 6: fort du sentiment que j'ai d'avoir rempli mes devoirs. - conscientia optimae mentis, Cic. Br. 250: le sentiment d'avoir eu d'excellentes intentions. - mediocrium delictorum conscientia, Cic. Mil. 64: la conscience d'avoir commis de légères peccadilles. - cum conscientia scelerum tuorum agnoscas... Cic. Cat. 1, 17: du moment que, conscient de tes crimes, tu reconnais... - satisfactionem ex nulla conscientia de culpa proponere, Sall. C. 35, 2: présenter une justification tirée du fait de n'avoir pas conscience d'une faute (d'un sentiment de son innocence). [st1]4 [-] for intérieur, témoignage de la conscience, conscience (bonne ou mauvaise); remords. - conscientia animi, Cic. Fin. 2, 54; Caes. BC. 3, 60, 2: témoignage de la conscience, voix de la conscience. - recta conscientia, Cic. Att. 13, 20, 4: bonne conscience. - bona conscientia, Sen. Ep. 43, 5: bonne conscience. - mala conscientia, Sall. J. 8: mauvaise conscience. - abs. conscientia: bonne conscience. - nihil me praeter conscientiam meam delectavit, Cic. Att.: rien ne m'a fait plaisir à part la conscience d'avoir bien agi. - cf. Mil. 61; 83; Clu. 159; Tusc. 2, 64. - conscientia mille testes, Quint. 5, 11, 41: conscience vaut mille témoins. - salvā bonā conscientiā, Sen. Nat. 4, pr. 15: en conservant la conscience pure. - mea mihi conscientia pluris est quam omnium sermo, Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2: ma conscience me parle davantage que tous les discours. - abs. conscientia: mauvaise conscience. - angor conscientiae, Cic. Leg. 1, 40: les tourments qu'inflige la conscience. - an te conscientia timidum faciebat? Cic. Verr. 5, 74: ou bien ta conscience te rendait-elle craintif? - cf. Cat. 2, 13; 3, 10; Leg. 2, 43, etc. - ex conscientia diffidens, Sall. J. 32, 5: défiant par suite de la conscience qu'il a de ses crimes. - ne quis modestiam in conscientiam duceret, Sall. J. 85, 26: pour empêcher qu'on n'interprétât ma réserve comme la conscience de mon indignité. - animi conscientiā excruciari, Cic. Fin. 2, 53: être tourmenté par le remords. - maleficii conscientiā perterritus, Cic. Clu. 38: effrayé par le remords de son crime. - te conscientiae stimulant maleficiorum tuorum, Cic. Par. 18: les remords de tes crimes t'aiguillonnent. - cf. Cic. Amer. 67. - conscientiā morderi, Cic. Tusc. 4, 45: souffrir des remords de conscience. - cf. Cic. Off. 3, 85; Sall. C. 15, 4. - ex conscientia ne... Tac. Agr. 42: par scrupule, de crainte que...* * *Conscientia, huius conscientiae, a nomine Conscius. Cic. Le tesmoignage que son esprit et conscience porte à un chascun.\Conscientia bene actae vitae, et recordatio benefactorum. Cic. Tesmoignage en son esprit d'avoir bien vescu.\Quenque suae malae cogitationes conscientiaeque animi terrent. Cic. La conscience et le tesmoignage ou recordation qu'il ha en son esprit d'avoir mal faict, Le remors.\Conscientia sceleris, auaritiaeque suae. Cic. Remors.\Contagio conscientiae. Cic. Ad quos conscientiae contagio pertinebit. Ceulx qui en scauront quelque chose.\Conscientiae fide non commoueri. Cic. Estre seur de sa conscience.\A recta conscientia transuersum vnguem non oportet discedere. Cic. Il ne fault faire chose qui soit, laquelle estant faicte, nostre esprit nous tesmoigne d'avoir mal faict.\Exonerare conscientiam suam. Curtius. Descharger sa conscience.\Conscientiam habere conditionis suae. Plin. iunior. Avoir congnoissance de sa condition, Bien scavoir et entendre qu'elle est nostre condition.\Impeditur et opprimitur mens conscientia. Cic. Quand l'esprit n'est point à delivre, ne en repos, au moyen du remors et recordation qu'il ha de ses maulx.\Implorare conscientiam aliquorum. Cic. Les appeler en tesmoignage.\Hominum conscientia remota. Cic. Sans le sceu des hommes, Le tesmoignage des hommes arriere, Quand il n'y a nul qui scache ce que nous faisons.\Simulata conscientia adeant. Tacit. Faignans en scavoir quelque chose.\Mea mihi conscientia pluris est, quam omnium sermo. Cic. J'estime plus le tesmoignage de ma conscience que le parler de tous les hommes.\In conscientiam assumere aliquem. Tacitus. Luy descouvrir nostre entreprinse.\Ob conscientiam stupri accipere aliquid. Marcellus. Prendre argent pour avoir esté macquereau. -
2 conscientia
cōnscientia, ae, f. (conscio), das Bewußtsein, I) mit einem andern = das Mitwissen um etw., die Mitwissenschaft, Mitkenntnis von etw., das Einverständnis, α) m. subj. Genet.: omnium horum, Cic.: liberti unius, Tac. – β) m. obj. Genet.: coniurationis, Tac.: facinoris, Tac. – im Plur., consilia conscientiaeque eiusmodi facinorum, Cic. Clu. 56. – γ) im Zshg. absol.: conscientiae contagio, Cic.: alqm in conscientiam assumere, jmd. zu seinem Vertrauten machen, Tac.: purgare publicam conscientiam (das Einverständnis des Staates), Iustin.: simulatā conscientiā, als seien sie im Einverständnis, Tac. – II) bei sich selbst, das Bewußtsein, die volle Kenntnis od. Erinnerung, die Überzeugung, das Gefühl, A) im allg.: α) mit obj. Genet.: virium nostrarum et suarum, Liv.: infirmitatis suae, Quint.: contracti culpā periculi, Liv. – β) m. folg. indir. Fragesatz, conscientiā, quid abesset virium, Liv. – γ) im Zusammenhg. absol.: nostra stabilis conscientia (Selbstbewußtsein), Cic.: in veris quoque sufficit conscientia (Selbstgefühl), Quint.: illud se tacere conscientiam suam (seine Überzeugung) non pati, quod etc., Liv.: salvā conscientiā, unbeschadet meiner Überzeugung, Sen. ep. 117, 1 (vgl. unten no. B, 2, β). – B) das Bewußtsein moral. Eigenschaften, des moral. Wollens u. Handelns, 1) übh.: α) m. obj. Genet., im Deutschen mit dem Genet. zus. oft = »gutes, böses Gewissen«, c. virtutis et vitiorum, Cic.: c. bene actae vitae, Cic.: officii mei benevolentiaeque, Cic.: rectae voluntatis, Cic.: pulcherrimi facti, Cic.: c. honeste recteque factorum, das B., tugendhaft u. recht gehandelt zu haben, Amm.: sui conscientiā subnixus, Gell. – v. üblen Bewußtsein (bösen Gewissen), c. facti, Hirt. b. G.: factorum, Cic.: c. peccatorum, Cic.: delictorum, Cic.: recentis maleficii, Cic.: scelerum et fraudum suarum, Cic.: violatae per sociorum iniurias Romanae amicitiae, Vell. – u. im Plur., te conscientiae stimulant maleficiorum tuorum, Gewissensbisse, Cic. parad. 2, 18. – β) m. de u. Abl.: ex nulla conscientia de culpa, im Bewußtsein meiner Schuldlosigkeit, Sall. Cat. 35, 2. – γ) mit folg. Acc. u. Infin., inerat conscientia (mußte er sich doch dabei bewußt sein) derisui fuisse nuper falsum e Germania triumphum, Tac. Agric. 39. – δ) m. folg. ne u. Konj. = die schuldbewußte Furcht, daß usw., Tac. Agr. 42. – 2) insbes., das Bewußtsein des gewollten od. getanen Rechts od. Unrechts, das Gewissen, α) mit subj. Genet.: mentis suae, Cic.: optimae mentis, Cic.: animi (gew. v. bösen Gewissen), zB. animi conscientiam non curare, Cic.: animi conscientiā excruciari, Cic.: u. Plur., conscientiae animi, Regungen des bösen Gewissens, Gewissensbisse, Cic. Rosc. Am. 67. – β) mit Adii.: praeclara, Cic.: recta, Cic.: bona, optima, Sen., Quint. u.a.: mala, Sall., Sen. u. Quint.: ex conscientiā sua, seinem Bewußtsein gemäß, d.i. je nachdem er ein gutes od. böses Gewissen hatte, Liv. – illi, quibus integra erat conscientia, Frontin. 1, 9, 3: si quis ad sacrificium non integrā conscientiā venerit, Lact. 5, 19, 32: quod non salvā bonā conscientiā procederet, Sen. nat. qu. 4. praef. § 15 (vgl. oben no. II, A, γ). – γ) absol., bald v. guten Gewissen, magna vis est conscientiae, Cic.: conscientiā fretus, Curt.: mea mihi conscientia pluris est quam omnium sermo, Cic.: u. (sprichw.) conscientia mille testes, Quint. 5, 11, 41. – bald vom Schuldbewußtsein, vom bösen Gewissen, angor conscientiae, Cic.: erubuisse, expalluisse... signa conscientiae sunt, Cornif. rhet.: aliquas conscientiae notas in ipso ore posse deprehendere, Curt.: conscientiā morderi, Cic.: stimulante conscientiā, Curt.: conscientiā ictus aperit litteras, Liv.: ad fatendum conscientiā impelli, Quint.: modestiam in conscientiam ducere, als böses Bewußtsein (Gewissen) auslegen, Sall.
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3 conscientia
cōnscientia, ae, f. (conscio), das Bewußtsein, I) mit einem andern = das Mitwissen um etw., die Mitwissenschaft, Mitkenntnis von etw., das Einverständnis, α) m. subj. Genet.: omnium horum, Cic.: liberti unius, Tac. – β) m. obj. Genet.: coniurationis, Tac.: facinoris, Tac. – im Plur., consilia conscientiaeque eiusmodi facinorum, Cic. Clu. 56. – γ) im Zshg. absol.: conscientiae contagio, Cic.: alqm in conscientiam assumere, jmd. zu seinem Vertrauten machen, Tac.: purgare publicam conscientiam (das Einverständnis des Staates), Iustin.: simulatā conscientiā, als seien sie im Einverständnis, Tac. – II) bei sich selbst, das Bewußtsein, die volle Kenntnis od. Erinnerung, die Überzeugung, das Gefühl, A) im allg.: α) mit obj. Genet.: virium nostrarum et suarum, Liv.: infirmitatis suae, Quint.: contracti culpā periculi, Liv. – β) m. folg. indir. Fragesatz, conscientiā, quid abesset virium, Liv. – γ) im Zusammenhg. absol.: nostra stabilis conscientia (Selbstbewußtsein), Cic.: in veris quoque sufficit conscientia (Selbstgefühl), Quint.: illud se tacere conscientiam suam (seine Überzeugung) non pati, quod etc., Liv.: salvā conscientiā, unbeschadet meiner Überzeugung, Sen. ep. 117, 1 (vgl. unten no. B, 2, β). – B) das Bewußtsein moral. Eigenschaften, des moral. Wollens u. Handelns, 1) übh.: α) m. obj. Genet., im Deutschen mit————dem Genet. zus. oft = »gutes, böses Gewissen«, c. virtutis et vitiorum, Cic.: c. bene actae vitae, Cic.: officii mei benevolentiaeque, Cic.: rectae voluntatis, Cic.: pulcherrimi facti, Cic.: c. honeste recteque factorum, das B., tugendhaft u. recht gehandelt zu haben, Amm.: sui conscientiā subnixus, Gell. – v. üblen Bewußtsein (bösen Gewissen), c. facti, Hirt. b. G.: factorum, Cic.: c. peccatorum, Cic.: delictorum, Cic.: recentis maleficii, Cic.: scelerum et fraudum suarum, Cic.: violatae per sociorum iniurias Romanae amicitiae, Vell. – u. im Plur., te conscientiae stimulant maleficiorum tuorum, Gewissensbisse, Cic. parad. 2, 18. – β) m. de u. Abl.: ex nulla conscientia de culpa, im Bewußtsein meiner Schuldlosigkeit, Sall. Cat. 35, 2. – γ) mit folg. Acc. u. Infin., inerat conscientia (mußte er sich doch dabei bewußt sein) derisui fuisse nuper falsum e Germania triumphum, Tac. Agric. 39. – δ) m. folg. ne u. Konj. = die schuldbewußte Furcht, daß usw., Tac. Agr. 42. – 2) insbes., das Bewußtsein des gewollten od. getanen Rechts od. Unrechts, das Gewissen, α) mit subj. Genet.: mentis suae, Cic.: optimae mentis, Cic.: animi (gew. v. bösen Gewissen), zB. animi conscientiam non curare, Cic.: animi conscientiā excruciari, Cic.: u. Plur., conscientiae animi, Regungen des bösen Gewissens, Gewissensbisse, Cic. Rosc. Am. 67. – β) mit Adii.: praeclara, Cic.: recta, Cic.: bona, optima, Sen., Quint.————u.a.: mala, Sall., Sen. u. Quint.: ex conscientiā sua, seinem Bewußtsein gemäß, d.i. je nachdem er ein gutes od. böses Gewissen hatte, Liv. – illi, quibus integra erat conscientia, Frontin. 1, 9, 3: si quis ad sacrificium non integrā conscientiā venerit, Lact. 5, 19, 32: quod non salvā bonā conscientiā procederet, Sen. nat. qu. 4. praef. § 15 (vgl. oben no. II, A, γ). – γ) absol., bald v. guten Gewissen, magna vis est conscientiae, Cic.: conscientiā fretus, Curt.: mea mihi conscientia pluris est quam omnium sermo, Cic.: u. (sprichw.) conscientia mille testes, Quint. 5, 11, 41. – bald vom Schuldbewußtsein, vom bösen Gewissen, angor conscientiae, Cic.: erubuisse, expalluisse... signa conscientiae sunt, Cornif. rhet.: aliquas conscientiae notas in ipso ore posse deprehendere, Curt.: conscientiā morderi, Cic.: stimulante conscientiā, Curt.: conscientiā ictus aperit litteras, Liv.: ad fatendum conscientiā impelli, Quint.: modestiam in conscientiam ducere, als böses Bewußtsein (Gewissen) auslegen, Sall.Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > conscientia
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4 conscientia
conscĭentĭa, ae, f. [conscio], a knowing of a thing together with another person, joint knowledge, consciousness (in good prose, and very freq.).I.A joint knowledge of something, a being privy to, a knowing along with others, privity, cognizance, etc.(α).With gen. subj.:(β).omnium horum,
Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 1; so,hominum,
id. Fin. 2, 9, 28:plurium,
Liv. 2, 54, 7:liberti unius,
Tac. A. 6, 21; cf. Suet. Calig. 56 al.:generis humani,
Tac. Agr. 2.—With gen. obj. (thus for the most part in Tac.):(γ).in conscientiam facinoris pauci asciti,
Tac. H. 1, 25:facti,
id. A. 2, 22:conjurationis,
id. H. 1, 42:stupri,
Dig. 48, 5, 29.— Plur.:consilia conscientiaeque ejus modi facinorum,
Cic. Clu. 20, 56. —Absol.:II.non modo eos persequi, ad quos maxime culpa corrupti judicii, sed etiam illos, ad quos conscientiae contagio pertinebit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 71, § 183:qui non modo a facti verum etiam a conscientiae suspitione afuit,
id. Cael. 10, 23:nocte perfugit Tanagram, suam conscientiam metuens,
Liv. 33, 28, 10:simulare,
Tac. A. 2, 40; 4, 3; cf. id. H. 1, 28; Curt. 7, 1, 31.—Consciousness, knowledge, feeling, sense.A.In gen. (rare).(α).With gen.:* (β).unde haec illis tanta modestia, nisi a conscientiā virium et nostrarum et suarum?
Liv. 8, 4, 10 (cf. g); so,contracti culpā periculi,
id. 3, 2, 11:suae infirmitatis,
Quint. 1, 2, 10:rebellionis,
Tac. A. 12, 31; cf.defectionis,
id. Agr. 16:victoriae,
id. ib. 27:unionum in somno quoque,
Plin. 33, 3, 12, § 40:amissae fortunae,
a recollection, Flor. 2, 12, 10:ipsa pulcherrimi facti,
Cic. Phil. 2, 44, 114:officii mei benevolentiaeque,
id. Fam. 3, 7, 6 fin.:scelerum tuorum,
id. Pis. 17, 39; cf. Sall. C. 5, 7:peccatorum,
Cic. Par. 5, 3, 40:culpae,
Liv. 28, 19, 1 et saep.—In plur., Cic. Clu. 20, 56:te conscientiae stimulant maleficiorum tuorum,
id. Par. 2, 2, 18; cf. under B. 2.—With de: satisfactionem ex nullà conscientiā de culpā proponere decrevi, Cat. ap. Sall. C. 35, 2; cf. conscius, I. d—(γ).With rel.-clause (very rare):(δ).illi conscientia, quid abesset virium, detrectavere pugnam,
Liv. 3, 60, 6; 28, 19, 5.—Absol.: ut nostram stabilem conscientiam contemnamus, aliorum errantem opinionem aucupemur, self-consciousness, Cic. Fin. 2, 22, 71:B.illud se tacere suam conscientiam non pati,
Liv. 5, 25, 6:in veris quoque sufficit conscientia,
consciousness, Quint. 11, 1, 17: sine hac quidem conscientiā ipsa illa ex tempore dicendi facultas inanem modo loquacitatem dabit, without this feeling, equiv. to without this persuasion, id. 10, 3, 2:quamvis capite defectionis ablato manebat plerisque militum conscientia,
Tac. H. 1, 5.— So pregn., with ne, a conscientious fear, guilty fear, Tac. Agr. 42.—In partic., a consciousness of right or wrong, the moral sense, conscience:* b.magna vis est conscientiae... in utramque partem, ut neque timeant qui nihil commiserint et poenam semper ante oculos versari putent qui peccarint,
Cic. Mil. 23, 61; cf.:et virtutis et vitiorum grave ipsius conscientiae pondus,
id. N. D. 3, 35, 85:bona conscientia turbam advocat, mala etiam in solitudine anxia atque sollicita est,
Sen. Ep. 43, 5:ad purgandam publicam conscientiam,
Just. 31, 4, 3:recta,
a good conscience, Cic. Att. 13, 20, 4; cf.egregia,
Liv. 29, 33, 9: bona, Cels. ap. Quint. 2, 15, 32; Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Tac. Agr. 1:optima,
Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 3:salvā bonā conscientiā,
Sen. Q. N. 4, praef. §15: integra,
Front. 1, 9, 3; Lact. 5, 19, 32:mala,
a bad conscience, Sall. J. 62, 8; Quint. 12, 1, 3:infelix,
id. 6, prooem. § 10.—Prov.:2. a.conscientia mille testes,
Quint. 5, 11, 41.—A good conscience:b.mea mihi conscientia pluris est quam omnium sermo,
Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2; cf.:illud est hominis magni... maximi aestimare conscientiam mentis suae, etc.,
id. Clu. 58, 159:in quibus ego nec dissentire a nostris salvā gratiā nec consentire salvā conscientiā possum,
Sen. Ep. 117, 1:ad sacrificium integrā conscientiā venire,
Lact. 5, 19, 32; Front. Strat. 1, 9, 3.—A bad conscience:hunc tu quas conscientiae labes in animo censes habuisse?
Cic. Off. 3, 21, 85; id. Cat. 2, 6, 13; id. Leg. 1, 14, 40; Sall. C. 15, 4; id. J. 35, 4; Quint. 5, 13, 46.—In the same sense:animi,
Cic. Fin. 2, 16, 53; 2, 17, 54; id. Att. 13, 49 fin.; Caes. B. C. 3, 60; Phaedr. 3, prol. 47; and in plur.:suae (quemque) malae cogitationes conscientiaeque animi terrent,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 24, 67. -
5 conscientia
cōnscientia, ae f. [ conscio ]1) осведомлённость (horum omnium C; conjurationis T)aliquem in conscientiam alicujus rei ascire L — посвятить кого-л. во что-л.2) круг осведомлённых лиц, сообщники3) соглашение, договоренность ( aliquem in conscientiam assumere T)4) сознание, понимание, убеждение (c. bene actae vitae C; suae infirmitatis Q)conscientia, quid absit virium, detrectare pugnam L — уклониться от сражения в сознании недостаточности (своих) сил5) совесть ( angor conscientiae C)mala c. Sl — дурная (нечистая) совестьrecta (bona, optima) c. C, Sen, Q etc. — чистая (спокойная) совестьconscientiā morderi и animi conscientiā excruciari C — испытывать угрызения совестиc. — mille testes погов. Q — совесть стоит тысячи свидетелейaliquid in conscientiam ducere Sl — приписывать что-л. сознанию (чьей-л.) вины -
6 cōnscientia
cōnscientia ae, f [conscio], joint knowledge, consciousness, common knowledge, privity, cognizance: conscientiae contagio: alqm in conscientiam adsumere, Ta.: a conscientiae suspitione abesse: perfugit, suam conscientiam metuens, L.: conscientiae eius modi facinorum: hominum: plurium, L.—Consciousness, knowledge, feeling, sense: nostra: sua, L.: virium nostrarum, L.: pulcherrimi facti: scelerum tuorum, Cs.: spretorum (deorum), L.: de culpā, S.: conscientiā, quid abesset virium, detractavere pugnam, L.: inerat conscientia derisui fuisse triumphum, he was keenly aware, Ta. — A sense of right, moral sense, conscience: recta, a good conscience: egregia, L.: bonae conscientiae pretium, of self - approval, Ta.: Abacta nullā conscientiā, scruple, H.: generis humani, the moral judgment, Ta.: mala, S.—A good conscience, self - approval: maximi aestimare conscientiam mentis suae: in gravi fortunā conscientiā suā niti. — A sense of guilt, remorse: fuga, et sceleris et conscientiae testis: conscientiā convictus: angor conscientiae: mentem vastabat, S.: animi.—With ne, guilty fear, Ta.* * *(joint) knowledge, complicity (of crime); conscience; sense of guilt, remorse -
7 Gewissen
Gewissen, a) eig.: conscientia virtutis et vitiorum. conscientia factorum. conscientia animi od. mentis (das Bewußtsein, recht und unrecht gehandelt zu haben). – religio (Bedenklichkeit, Gewissensskrupel, auch Gewissenhaftigkeit, s. d.). – fides (die Gewissenhaftigkeit). – ein gutes G., conscientia bona od. recta: gew. -conscientia pulcherrimi facti; conscientia honeste recteque factorum; conscientia optimorum consiliorum; conscientia rectae voluntatis; conscientia optimae mentis; mens bene sibi conscia; ein sehr gutes G., conscientia optima: ein gutes G. haben, nullius culpae sibi conscium esse: ein böses G., conscientia mala; gew. conscientia peccatorum od. maleficiorum od. scelerum; auch mens male sibi conscia; animus sibi conscius; im Zshg. auch bl. conscientia: ein böses G. haben, conscientiā morderi: die Macht des G., conscientiae vis. – mit gutem G., pie (ohne das Pflichtgefühl zu verletzen, z.B. bellum indicere posse); salvā fide;salvo officio; bonā mente od. bono animo: auch liquido (mit völliger Gewißheit, ohne Bedenken, z.B. dicere, affirmare, iurare): ich schwöre mit. gutem G., ex animi sententia iuro: das G. schlägt od. foltert jmd., conscientiā mordetur alqs; conscientia animi stimulat od. terret alqm; alqm conscientiae maleficiorum suorum stimulant: das nagende G., angor conscientiae fraudisque cruciatus. – ein Mensch ohne G., homo sine ulla religione ac fide: kein G. haben, sine ulla religione ac fide esse: ich mache mir ein G. daraus, etwas zu tun, religio mihi est; subit animum religio; beide mit Infin.: er macht sich kein G. daraus, etw. zu tun, religio ei non est m. folg. quo minus u. Konj.; non habet religioni m. Infin.; nihil pensi habet od. ducit m. Infin.: es nicht über sein G. bringen können, d. i. es nicht über sich gewinnen können, s. gewinnen: jmdm. ins G. reden, alqm graviter monere. – b) meton.; z.B. ängstliche Gewissen (= Leute von ängstl. G.), religiosiores homines od. animi.
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8 Gewissensbisse
Gewissensbisse, angor conscientiae fraudisque cruciatus. – peccati dolor (schmerzvolles Gefühl der Sünde). – G. fühlen, conscientiā (peccatorum) morderi; conscientiā animi excruciari; cruciari conscientiā scelerum suorum: vor G. nicht schlafen können, conscientiā obstrepente dormire non posse.
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9 innere
innere, der, die, das, I) Compar.: a) adj.:interior (z.B. pars aedium: u. gaudium). – intestinus (was im Innern des Landes vorgeht etc., z.B. discordiae). – domesticus (die Heimat betreffend, in ihr vorgehend etc.); verb. intestinus ac domesticus. – innatus. insitus (von Natur in etw. liegend, z.B. causa). – Ist es = des Geistes, des Herzens, durch den Genet. animi (z.B. dolor od. laetitia animi: u. bona oder virtutes animi: u. tranquillitas animi). – der innere Teil des Hauses, pars interior aedium: die innern Teile, Quartiere der Stadt, median. pl.)urbis. – ein inn. Übel, malum, quod inhaeret in visceribus (sowohl eig. im Körper als bildl. im Staate);malum intestinum. malum intestinum ac domesticum (im Staate): die innern Angelegenheiten, res domesticae: alle innern Verhältnisse sind wohlgeordnet, domi omnia bene constituta sunt. – b) subst, das Innere, pars interior. partes interiores. interiora, um,n. pl. (übh. der innere Teil, die innern Teile). – venae (die Adern). – viscera (die Eingeweide, z.B. terrae); verb. venae et viscera (z.B. rei publicae). – res domesticae (die innern Staatsverhältnisse). – animus (Gemüt, Herz). – mens (die Sinnesart, Gesinnung). – conscientia animi (Bewußtsein). – natura (das natürliche innere Gefühl). – das I. eines Landes, interior regio; interiora, um,n. pl: auch terra interior, z.B. das I. von Afrika, Africa interior (vgl. »Herz no. I«). – im I. des Hauses, intus domique. – im I. der Stadt, intra moenia. – im I. (des Landes) im eigenen Lande, durch domi od. durch die oben angegebenen Adjj., z.B. an den Frieden von außen reiht sich unmittelbar Zwietracht im I., paci externae continuaturdiscordia domi: Krieg im I., bellum intestinum od. intestinum ac domesticum: ein Sieg über die Feinde im I. (des Staates selbst), victoria domestica (Ggstz. v. externa). – einen Blick in sein Inneres tun, sein Inneres (sein Herz) prüfen, introspicio mentem meam ipse; percontor oder considero me ipse: Gott sieht in das Innere des Menschen, caeleste numen secretis cogitationibus nostris adest. – II) Superl., innerste, der, die, das, a) adj. u. adv.:intimus. – Adv.penitus. – b) subst. das Innerste, intima pars; intima, ōrum,n. pl.,viscera (die Eingeweide, bildl. für das Innerste, z.B. des Herzens, des Staates etc., mit dem Nbbgr. als edelsten Teils, z.B. inhaeret [es sitzt] in visceribus malum). – Auch drücken es die Lateiner durch eine Wendung mit intimus oder penitus aus, z.B. er begab sich in das Innerste von Mazedonien (um sich dort zu verbergen), se abdidit in intimam Macedoniam; penitus [1383] se abdidit in Macedoniam; od. von Waldungen durch densissimus, z.B. sich in das I. der Wälder flüchten, se in densissimas silvas abdere. – das I. der Stadt, intima urbis pars: die Feinde sind im I. der Stadt, intra moenia atque in sinu urbis hostes sunt: sich in seinem I. ängstigen, intimis sensibus angi: bis ins Innerste erbeben, toto pectore tremere: etwas aus seinem I. verbannen, alqd ex intima mente evellere: bis in das I. jmds. blicken, penitus alqm perspicere; in intimum pectus alcis inspicere.
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10 Gewissensangst
Gewissensangst, conscientiae angor od. sollicitudo. – G. fühlen, empfinden, angore conscientiae et sollicitudine agitari, vexari; conscientiā animi excruciari (im hohen Grade): G. bekommen, peccatorum ex conscientia timor alci exoritur.
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11 regen
regen, movere. – kein Glied r. können, omnibus membris captum esse: keine Hand, keinen Fuß r., desĭdem sedere. – sich regen, se movere (von leb. Wesen, auch = in Bewegung od. Unruhe geraten). – moveri (bewegt werden, v. Lebl.). – sich vor Kälte nicht r. können, rigere gelu atque torpere – es regt sich [1939] späte Reue, subit me sera paenitentia: das böse Gewissen, conscientiā peccatorum mordeor; conscientia animi me stimulat:Furcht, timor me incedit.
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12 Сознание
- conscientia; animus (timor abstulit animum); sensus; vigor animi; -
13 animus
ănĭmus, i, m. [a Graeco-Italic form of anemos = wind (as ego, lego, of ego, lego); cf. Sanscr. an = to breathe, anas = breath, anilas = wind; Goth. uz-ana = exspiro; Erse, anal = breath; Germ. Unst = a storm (so, sometimes); but Curt. does not extend the connection to AФ, aêmi = to blow; a modification of animus—by making which the Romans took a step in advance of the Greeks, who used hê psuchê for both these ideas—is anima, which has the physical meaning of anemos, so that Cic. was theoretically right, but historically wrong, when he said, ipse animus ab anima dictus est, Tusc. 1, 9, 19; after the same analogy we have from psuchô = to breathe, blow, psuchê = breath, life, soul; from pneô = to breathe, pneuma = air, breath, life, in class. Greek, and = spirit, a spiritual being, in Hellenistic Greek; from spiro = to breathe, blow, spiritus = breath, breeze, energy, high spirit, and poet. and post-Aug. = soul, mind; the Engl. ghost = Germ. Geist may be comp. with Germ. giessen and cheô, to pour, and for this interchange of the ideas of gases and liquids, cf. Sol. 22: insula adspiratur freto Gallico, is flowed upon, washed, by the Gallic Strait; the Sanscr. atman = breath, soul, with which comp. aytmê = breath; Germ. Odem = breath, and Athem = breath, soul, with which group Curt. connects auô, aêmi; the Heb. = breath, life, soul; and = breath, wind, life, spirit, soul or mind].I.In a general sense, the rational soul in man (in opp. to the body, corpus, and to the physical life, anima), hê psuchê:II.humanus animus decerptus ex mente divina,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 38:Corpus animum praegravat, Atque affixit humo divinae particulam aurae,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 77:credo deos immortales sparsisse animos in corpora humana, ut essent qui terras tuerentur etc.,
Cic. Sen. 21, 77:eas res tueor animi non corporis viribus,
id. ib. 11, 38; so id. Off. 1, 23, 79:quae (res) vel infirmis corporibus animo tamen administratur,
id. Sen. 6, 15; id. Off. 1, 29, 102:omnes animi cruciatus et corporis,
id. Cat. 4, 5, 10:levantes Corpus et animum,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 141:formam et figuram animi magis quam corporis complecti,
Tac. Agr. 46; id. H. 1, 22:animi validus et corpore ingens,
id. A. 15, 53:Aristides primus animum pinxit et sensus hominis expressit, quae vocantur Graece ethe, item perturbationes,
first painted the soul, put a soul into his figures, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 98 (cf.:animosa signa,
life-like statues, Prop. 4, 8, 9): si nihil esset in eo (animo), nisi id, ut per eum viveremus, i. e. were it mere anima, Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 56:Singularis est quaedam natura atque vis animi, sejuncta ab his usitatis notisque naturis, i. e. the four material elements,
id. ib. 1, 27, 66: Neque nos corpora sumus. Cum igitur nosce te dicit, hoc dicit, nosce animum tuum, id. ib. 1, 22, 52:In quo igitur loco est (animus)? Credo equidem in capite,
id. ib. 1, 29, 70:corpora nostra, terreno principiorum genere confecta, ardore animi concalescunt,
derive their heat from the fiery nature of the soul, id. ib. 1, 18, 42:Non valet tantum animus, ut se ipsum ipse videat: at, ut oculus, sic animus, se non videns alia cernit,
id. ib. 1, 27, 67: foramina illa ( the senses), quae patent ad animum a corpore, callidissimo artificio natura fabricata est, id. ib. 1, 20, 47: dum peregre est animus sine corpore velox, independently of the body, i. e. the mind roaming in thought, Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 13:discessus animi a corpore,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18; 1, 30, 72:cum nihil erit praeter animum,
when there shall be nothing but the soul, when the soul shall be disembodied, id. ib. 1, 20, 47; so,animus vacans corpore,
id. ib. 1, 22, 50; and:animus sine corpore,
id. ib. 1, 22, 51:sine mente animoque nequit residere per artus pars ulla animai,
Lucr. 3, 398 (for the pleonasm here, v. infra, II. A. 1.):Reliquorum sententiae spem adferunt posse animos, cum e corporibus excesserint in caelum pervenire,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:permanere animos arbitramur consensu nationum omnium,
id. ib. 1, 16, 36:Pherecydes primus dixit animos esse hominum sempiternos,
id. ib. 1, 16, 38:Quod ni ita se haberet, ut animi immortales essent, haud etc.,
id. Sen. 23, 82: immortalitas animorum, id. ib. 21, 78; id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24; 1, 14, 30:aeternitas animorum,
id. ib. 1, 17, 39; 1, 22, 50 (for the plur. animorum, in this phrase, cf. Cic. Sen. 23, 84); for the atheistic notions about the soul, v. Lucr. bk. iii.—In a more restricted sense, the mind as thinking, feeling, willing, the intellect, the sensibility, and the will, acc. to the almost universally received division of the mental powers since the time of Kant (Diog. Laert. 8, 30, says that Pythagoras divided hê psuchê into ho nous, hai phrenes, and ho thumos; and that man had ho nous and ho thumos in common with other animals, but he alone had hai phrenes. Here ho nous and ho thumos must denote the understanding and the sensibility, and hai phrenes, the reason. Plutarch de Placit. 4, 21, says that the Stoics called the supreme faculty of the mind (to hêgemonikon tês psuchês) ho logismos, reason. Cic. sometimes speaks of a twofold division; as, Est animus in partes tributus duas, quarum altera rationis est particeps, altera expers (i. e. to logistikon and to alogon of Plato; cf. Tert. Anim. 16), i. e. the reason or intellect and the sensibility, Tusc. 2, 21, 47; so id. Off. 1, 28, 101; 1, 36, 132; id. Tusc 4, 5, 10; and again of a threefold; as, Plato triplicem finxit animum, cujus principatum, id est rationem in capite sicut in arce posuit, et duas partes ( the two other parts) ei parere voluit, iram et cupiditatem, quas locis disclusit; iram in pectore, cupiditatem subter praecordia locavit, i. e. the reason or intellect, and the sensibility here resolved into desire and aversion, id. ib. 1, 10, 20; so id. Ac. 2, 39, 124. The will, hê boulêsis, voluntas, arbitrium, seems to have been sometimes merged in the sensibility, ho thumos, animus, animi, sensus, and sometimes identified with the intellect or reason, ho nous, ho logismos, mens, ratio).A.1.. The general power of perception and thought, the reason, intellect, mind (syn.: mens, ratio, ingenium), ho nous:2.cogito cum meo animo,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 13; so Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 55:cum animis vestris cogitare,
Cic. Agr. 2, 24:recordari cum animo,
id. Clu. 25, 70;and without cum: animo meditari,
Nep. Ages. 4, 1; cf. id. Ham. 4, 2:cogitare volvereque animo,
Suet. Vesp. 5:animo cogitare,
Vulg. Eccli. 37, 9:statuere apud animum,
Liv. 34, 2:proposui in animo meo,
Vulg. Eccli. 1, 12:nisi me animus fallit, hi sunt, etc.,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 23:in dubio est animus,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 31; id. ib. prol. 1; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 29:animum ad se ipsum advocamus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:lumen animi, ingenii consiliique tui,
id. Rep. 6, 12 al. —For the sake of rhet. fulness, animus often has a synonym joined with it: Mens et animus et consilium et sententia civitatis posita est in legibus,
Cic. Clu. 146:magnam cui mentem animumque Delius inspirat vates,
Verg. A. 6, 11:complecti animo et cogitatione,
Cic. Off. 1, 32, 117; id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:animis et cogitatione comprehendere,
id. Fl. 27, 66:cum omnia ratione animoque lustraris,
id. Off. 1, 17, 56:animorum ingeniorumque naturale quoddam quasi pabulum consideratio naturae,
id. Ac. 2, 41, 127.—Hence the expressions: agitatio animi, attentio, contentio; animi adversio; applicatio animi; judicium, opinio animorum, etc. (v. these vv.); and animum advertere, adjungere, adplicare, adpellere, inducere, etc. (v. these vv.).—Of particular faculties of mind, the memory:3.etiam nunc mihi Scripta illa dicta sunt in animo Chrysidis,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 46:An imprimi, quasi ceram, animum putamus etc. (an idea of Aristotle's),
Cic. Tusc. 1, 25, 61:ex animo effluere,
id. de Or. 2, 74, 300: omnia fert aetas, animum quoque;... Nunc oblita mihi tot carmina,
Verg. E. 9, 51.—Consciousness (physically considered) or the vital power, on which consciousness depends ( = conscientia, q. v. II. A., or anima, q. v. II. E.):4.vae miserae mihi. Animo malest: aquam velim,
I'm fainting, my wits are going, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 6; id. Curc. 2, 3, 33:reliquit animus Sextium gravibus acceptis vulneribus,
Caes. B. G. 6, 38:Una eademque via sanguis animusque sequuntur,
Verg. A. 10, 487:animusque reliquit euntem,
Ov. M. 10, 459:nisi si timor abstulit omnem Sensum animumque,
id. ib. 14, 177:linqui deinde animo et submitti genu coepit,
Curt. 4, 6, 20: repente animo linqui solebat, Suet. Caes. 45:ad recreandos defectos animo puleio,
Plin. 20, 14, 54, § 152.—The conscience, in mal. part. (v. conscientia, II. B. 2. b.):5.cum conscius ipse animus se remordet,
Lucr. 4, 1135:quos conscius animus exagitabat,
Sall. C. 14, 3:suae malae cogitationes conscientiaeque animi terrent,
Cic. Sex. Rosc. 67.—In Plaut. very freq., and once also in Cic., meton. for judicium, sententia, opinion, judgment; mostly meo quidem animo or meo animo, according to my mind, in my opinion, Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 17:6.e meo quidem animo aliquanto facias rectius, si, etc.,
id. Aul. 3, 6, 3:meo quidem animo, hic tibi hodie evenit bonus,
id. Bacch. 1, 1, 69; so id. Aul. 3, 5, 4; id. Curc. 4, 2, 28; id. Bacch. 3, 2, 10; id. Ep. 1, 2, 8; id. Poen. 1, 2, 23; id. Rud. 4, 4, 94; Cic. Sest. 22:edepol lenones meo animo novisti,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 19:nisi, ut meus est animus, fieri non posse arbitror,
id. Cist. 1, 1, 5 (cf.:EX MEI ANIMI SENTENTIA,
Inscr. Orell. 3665:ex animi tui sententia,
Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108).—The imagination, the fancy (for which Cic. often uses cogitatio, as Ac. 2, 15, 48):B.cerno animo sepultam patriam, miseros atque insepultos acervos civium,
Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 11:fingere animo jubebat aliquem etc.,
id. Sen. 12, 41: Fingite animis;litterae enim sunt cogitationes nostrae, et quae volunt, sic intuentur, ut ea cernimus, quae videmus,
id. Mil. 29, 79:Nihil animo videre poterant,
id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38.—The power of feeling, the sensibility, the heart, the feelings, affections, inclinations, disposition, passions (either honorable or base; syn.: sensus, adfectus, pectus, cor), ho thumos.1.a.. In gen., heart, soul, spirit, feeling, inclination, affection, passion: Medea, animo aegra, amore saevo saucia, Enn. ap. Auct. ad Her. 2, 22 (cf. Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 36:(α).animo hercle homo suo est miser): tu si animum vicisti potius quam animus te, est quod gaudeas, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 27 -29:harum scelera et lacrumae confictae dolis Redducunt animum aegrotum ad misericordiam,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 27:Quo gemitu conversi animi (sunt),
Verg. A. 2, 73:Hoc fletu concussi animi,
id. ib. 9, 498;4, 310: animum offendere,
Cic. Lig. 4; id. Deiot. 33; so Vulg. Gen. 26, 35.—Mens and animus are often conjoined and contrasted, mind and heart (cf. the Homeric kata phrena kai kata thumon, in mind and heart): mentem atque animum delectat suum, entertains his mind and delights his heart, Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 10:Satin tu sanus mentis aut animi tui?
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 53:mala mens, malus animus,
bad mind, bad heart, Ter. And. 1, 1, 137:animum et mentem meam ipsa cogitatione hominum excellentium conformabam,
Cic. Arch. 6, 14:Nec vero corpori soli subveniendum est, sed menti atque animo multo magis,
id. Sen. 11, 36:ut omnium mentes animosque perturbaret,
Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 1, 21:Istuc mens animusque fert,
Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 8:Stare Socrates dicitur tamquam quodam recessu mentis atque animi facto a corpore,
Gell. 2, 1; 15, 2, 7.—And very rarely with this order inverted: Jam vero animum ipsum mentemque hominis, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 147:mente animoque nobiscum agunt,
Tac. G. 29:quem nobis animum, quas mentes imprecentur,
id. H. 1, 84;and sometimes pleon. without such distinction: in primis regina quietum Accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam,
a quiet mind and kindly heart, Verg. A. 1, 304; so,pravitas animi atque ingenii,
Vell. 2, 112, 7 (for mens et animus, etc., in the sense of thought, used as a pleonasm, v. supra, II. A. 1.):Verum animus ubi semel se cupiditate devinxit mala, etc.,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 34:animus perturbatus et incitatus nec cohibere se potest, nec quo loco vult insistere,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 41:animum comprimit,
id. ib. 2, 22, 53:animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,
id. ib. 4, 37, 81; id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1:sed quid ego hic animo lamentor,
Enn. Ann. 6, 40:tremere animo,
Cic. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4:ingentes animo concipit iras,
Ov. M. 1, 166:exsultare animo,
id. ib. 6, 514.—So often ex animo, from the heart, from the bottom of one's heart, deeply, truly, sincerely:Paulum interesse censes ex animo omnia facias an de industria?
from your heart or with some design, Ter. And. 4, 4, 55; id. Ad. 1, 1, 47:nisi quod tibi bene ex animo volo,
id. Heaut. 5, 2, 6: verbum [p. 124] ex animo dicere, id. Eun. 1, 2, 95:sive ex animo id fit sive simulate,
Cic. N. D. 2, 67, 168:majore studio magisve ex animo petere non possum,
id. Fam. 11, 22:ex animo vereque diligi,
id. ib. 9, 6, 2:ex animo dolere,
Hor. A. P. 432:quae (gentes) dederunt terram meam sibi cum gaudio et toto corde et ex animo,
Vulg. Ezech. 36, 5; ib. Eph. 6, 6; ib. 1 Pet. 5, 3.—And with gen.With verbs:(β).Quid illam miseram animi excrucias?
Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 76; 4, 6, 65:Antipho me excruciat animi,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 10:discrucior animi,
id. Ad. 4, 4, 1:in spe pendebit animi,
id. Heaut. 4, 4, 5: juvenemque animi miserata repressit, pitying him in her heart, thumôi phileousa te kêdomenê te (Hom. Il. 1, 196), Verg. A. 10, 686.—With adjj.:b.aeger animi,
Liv. 1, 58; 2, 36; 6, 10; Curt. 4, 3, 11; Tac. H. 3, 58:infelix animi,
Verg. A. 4, 529:felix animi,
Juv. 14, 159:victus animi,
Verg. G. 4, 491:ferox animi,
Tac. A. 1, 32:promptus animi,
id. H. 2, 23:praestans animi,
Verg. A. 12, 19:ingens animi,
Tac. A. 1, 69 (for this gen. v. Ramsh. Gr. p. 323; Key, § 935; Wagner ad Plaut. Aul. v. 105; Draeger, Hist. Synt. I. p. 443).—Meton., disposition, character (so, often ingenium): nimis paene animo es Molli, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 49:2.animo audaci proripit sese,
Pac. Trag. Rel. p. 109 Rib.:petulans protervo, iracundo animo,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 3, 1; id. Truc. 4, 3, 1:ubi te vidi animo esse omisso (omisso = neglegenti, Don.),
Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9; Cic. Fam. 2. 17 fin.:promptus animus vester,
Vulg. 2 Cor. 9, 2: animis estis simplicibus et mansuetis nimium creditis unicuique, Auct. ad Her. 4, 37:eorum animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,
Sall. C. 14, 5:Hecabe, Non oblita animorum, annorum oblita suorum,
Ov. M. 13, 550:Nihil est tam angusti animi tamque parvi, quam amare divitias,
Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:sordidus atque animi parvi,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 10; Vell. 2, 25, 3:Drusus animi fluxioris erat,
Suet. Tib. 52.—In particular, some one specific emotion, inclination, or passion (honorable or base; in this signif., in the poets and prose writers, very freq. in the plur.). —a.Courage, spirit:b.ibi nostris animus additus est,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 94; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 31; id. And. 2, 1, 33:deficiens animo maesto cum corde jacebat,
Lucr. 6, 1232:virtute atque animo resistere,
Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 8:fac animo magno fortique sis,
id. ib. 6, 14 fin.:Cassio animus accessit, et Parthis timor injectus est,
id. Att. 5, 20, 3:nostris animus augetur,
Caes. B. G. 7, 70:mihi in dies magis animus accenditur,
Sall. C. 20, 6; Cic. Att. 5, 18; Liv. 8, 19; 44, 29:Nunc demum redit animus,
Tac. Agr. 3:bellica Pallas adest, Datque animos,
Ov. M. 5, 47:pares annis animisque,
id. ib. 7, 558:cecidere illis animique manusque,
id. ib. 7, 347 (cf.:tela viris animusque cadunt,
id. F. 3, 225) et saep.—Hence, bono animo esse or uti, to be of good courage, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 5: Am. Bono animo es. So. Scin quam bono animo sim? Plaut. Am. 22, 39:In re mala animo si bono utare, adjuvat,
id. Capt. 2, 1, 9:bono animo fac sis,
Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 1:quin tu animo bono es,
id. ib. 4, 2, 4:quare bono animo es,
Cic. Att. 5, 18; so Vulg. 2 Macc. 11, 26; ib. Act. 18, 25;so also, satis animi,
sufficient courage, Ov. M. 3, 559.—Also for hope:magnus mihi animus est, hodiernum diem initium libertatis fore,
Tac. Agr, 30.— Trop., of the violent, stormy motion of the winds of AEolus:Aeolus mollitque animos et temperat iras,
Verg. A. 1, 57.—Of a top:dant animos plagae,
give it new force, quicker motion, Verg. A. 7, 383.—Of spirit in discourse: in Asinio Pollione et consilii et animi satis,
Quint. 10, 1, 113. —Haughtiness, arrogance, pride: quae civitas est in Asia, quae unius tribuni militum animos ac spiritus capere possit? can bear the arrogance and pride, etc., Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 66:c.jam insolentiam noratis hominis: noratis animos ejus ac spiritus tribunicios,
id. Clu. 39, 109; so id. Caecin. 11 al.; Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 3 (cf.:quia paululum vobis accessit pecuniae, Sublati animi sunt,
Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 56).—Violent passion, vehemence, wrath:d.animum vincere, iracundiam cohibere, etc.,
Cic. Marcell. 3:animum rege, qui nisi paret Imperat,
Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 62:qui dominatur animo suo,
Vulg. Prov. 16, 32.—So often in plur.; cf hoi thumoi: ego meos animos violentos meamque iram ex pectore jam promam, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 43:vince animos iramque tuam,
Ov. H. 3, 85; id. M. 8, 583; Prop. 1, 5, 12:Parce tuis animis, vita, nocere tibi,
id. 2, 5, 18:Sic longius aevum Destruit ingentes animos,
Luc. 8, 28:coeunt sine more, sine arte, Tantum animis iraque,
Stat. Th. 11, 525 al. —Moderation, patience, calmness, contentedness, in the phrase aequus animus, an even mind:e.si est animus aequos tibi,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 10; id. Rud. 2, 3, 71; Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 145; and often in the abl., aequo animo, with even mind, patiently, etc.:aequo animo ferre,
Ter. And. 2, 3, 23; Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 93; id. Sen. 23, 84; Nep. Dion. 6, 4; Liv. 5, 39:aequo animo esse,
Vulg. 3 Reg. 21, 7; ib. Judith, 7, 23: Aequo animo est? of merry heart (Gr. euthumei), ib. Jac. 5, 13:animis aequis remittere,
Cic. Clu. 2, 6:aequiore animo successorem opperiri,
Suet. Tib. 25:haud aequioribus animis audire,
Liv. 23, 22: sapientissimus quisque aequissimo animo moritur; stultissimus iniquissimo. Cic. Sen. 23, 83; so id. Tusc. 1, 45, 109; Sall. C. 3, 2; Suet. Aug. 56:iniquo animo,
Att. Trag. Rel. p. 150 Rib.; Cic. Tusc. 2, 2, 5; Quint. 11, 1, 66.—Agreeable feeling, pleasure, delight:f.cubat amans animo obsequens,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 134:indulgent animis, et nulla quid utile cura est,
Ov. M. 7, 566; so, esp. freq.: animi causa (in Plaut. once animi gratia), for the sake of amusement, diversion (cf.:haec (animalia) alunt animi voluptatisque causa,
Caes. B. G. 5, 12):Post animi causa mihi navem faciam,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 27; so id. Trin. 2, 2, 53; id. Ep. 1, 1, 43:liberare fidicinam animi gratia,
id. ib. 2, 2, 90:qui illud animi causa fecerit, hunc praedae causa quid facturum putabis?
Cic. Phil. 7, 6:habet animi causa rus amoenum et suburbanum,
id. Rosc. Am. 46 Matth.; cf. id. ib. § 134, and Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 17, 56; Cic. Fam. 7, 2:Romanos in illis munitionibus animine causa cotidie exerceri putatis?
Caes. B. G. 7, 77; Plin. praef. 17 Sill.—Disposition toward any one:C.hoc animo in nos esse debebis, ut etc.,
Cic. Fam. 2, 1 fin.:meus animus erit in te semper, quem tu esse vis,
id. ib. 5, 18 fin.:qui, quo animo inter nos simus, ignorant,
id. ib. 3, 6; so id. ib. 4, 15;5, 2: In quo in primis quo quisque animo, studio, benevolentia fecerit, ponderandum est,
id. Off. 1, 15, 49:quod (Allobroges) nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,
to be well disposed, Caes. B. G. 1, 6 fin. —In the pregn. signif. of kind, friendly feeling, affection, kindness, liberality:animum fidemque praetorianorum erga se expertus est,
Suet. Oth. 8:Nec non aurumque animusque Latino est,
Verg. A. 12, 23.—Hence, meton., of a person who is loved, my heart, my soul:salve, anime mi,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 3:da, meus ocellus, mea rosa, mi anime, da, mea voluptas,
id. As. 3, 3, 74; so id. ib. 5, 2, 90; id. Curc. 1, 3, 9; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 48; id. Most. 1, 4, 23; id. Men. 1, 3, 1; id. Mil. 4, 8, 20; id. Rud. 4, 8, 1; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 15 et saep. —The power of willing, the will, inclination, desire, purpose, design, intention (syn.: voluntas, arbitrium, mens, consilium, propositum), hê boulêsis:D.qui rem publicam animo certo adjuverit,
Att. Trag Rel. p. 182 Rib.:pro inperio tuo meum animum tibi servitutem servire aequom censui,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 23:Ex animique voluntate id procedere primum,
goes forth at first from the inclination of the soul, Lucr. 2, 270; so,pro animi mei voluntate,
Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 8 (v. Manut. ad h.l.):teneo, quid animi vostri super hac re siet,
Plaut. Am. prol. 58; 1, 1, 187:Nam si semel tuom animum ille intellexerit, Prius proditurum te etc.,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 69:Prius quam tuom ut sese habeat animum ad nuptias perspexerit,
id. And. 2, 3, 4:Sin aliter animus voster est, ego etc.,
id. Ad. 3, 4, 46:Quid mi istaec narras? an quia non audisti, de hac re animus meus ut sit?
id. Hec. 5, 2, 19:qui ab auro gazaque regia manus, oculos, animum cohibere possit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 66:istum exheredare in animo habebat,
id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52: nobis crat in animo Ciceronem ad Caesarem mittere, we had it in mind to send, etc., id. Fam. 14, 11; Serv. ad Cic. ib. 4, 12:hostes in foro constiterunt, hoc animo, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 7, 28:insurrexerunt uno animo in Paulum,
with one mind, Vulg. Act. 18, 12; 19, 29: persequi Jugurtham animus ardebat, Sall. J. 39, 5 Gerlach (others, animo, as Dietsch); so id. de Rep. Ord. 1, 8: in nova fert an mus mutatas dicere formas, my mind inclines to tell of, etc., Ov. M. 1, 1.—Hence, est animus alicui, with inf., to have a mind for something, to aim at, etc.:omnibus unum Opprimere est animus,
Ov. M. 5, 150:Sacra Jovi Stygio perficere est animus,
Verg. A. 4, 639:Fuerat animus conjuratis corpus occisi in Tiberim trahere,
Suet. Caes. 82 fin.; id. Oth. 6; cf. id. Calig. 56.—So, aliquid alicui in animo est, with inf., Tac. G. 3.—So, inducere in animum or animum, to resolve upon doing something; v. induco.—Trop., of the principle of life and activity in irrational objects, as in Engl. the word mind is used.1.Of brutes:2.in bestiis, quarum animi sunt rationis expertes,
whose minds, Cic. Tusc. 1, 33, 80:Sunt bestiae, in quibus etiam animorum aliqua ex parte motus quosdam videmus,
id. Fin. 5, 14, 38:ut non inscite illud dictum videatur in sue, animum illi pecudi datum pro sale, ne putisceret,
id. ib. 5, 13, 38, ubi v. Madv.:(apes Ingentes animos angusto in pectore versant,
Verg. G. 4, 83:Illiusque animos, qui multos perdidit unus, Sumite serpentis,
Ov. M. 3, 544:cum pecudes pro regionis caelique statu et habitum corporis et ingenium animi et pili colorem gerant,
Col. 6, 1, 1:Umbria (boves progenerat) vastos nec minus probabiles animis quam corporibus,
id. 6, 1, 2 si equum ipsum nudum et solum corpus ejus et animum contemplamur, App. de Deo Socr. 23 (so sometimes mens:iniquae mentis asellus,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 20).—Of plants:III.haec quoque Exuerint silvestrem animum, i. e. naturam, ingenium,
their wild nature, Verg. G. 2, 51.—Transf. Of God or the gods, as we say, the Divine Mind, the Mind of God:certe et deum ipsum et divinum animum corpore liberatum cogitatione complecti possumus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 51 (so mens, of God, id. ib. 1, 22, 66; id. Ac. 2, 41, 126):Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Verg. A. 1, 11. -
14 animus
animus ī, m [AN-], the rational soul (cf. anima, the physical life): humanus: Corpus animum praegravat, H.: deos sparsisse animos in corpora humana: discessus animi a corpore: permanere animos arbitramur. — Fig., of beloved persons, soul, life: anime mi, T.—Of the mind, the mental powers, intelligence, reason, intellect, mind: mecum in animo vitam tuam considero, T.: animo meditari, N.: convertite animos ad Milonem, attention: revocare animos ad belli memoriam: perspicite animis quid velim: in dubio est animus, T.: animus, cui obtunsior sit acies, whose discernment: et animus et consilium et sententia civitatis, the whole intelligence of the community: cui animum inspirat vates, V.: omnia ratione animoque lustrari.— Of bees: Ingentīs animos angusto in pectore versant, V.— Of the memory: Scripta illa dicta sunt in animo, T.: an imprimi, quasi ceram, animum putamus?—Consciousness, recollection, self-possession: reliquit animus Sextium acceptis volneribus, Cs.: Unā eādemque viā sanguis animusque sequuntur, V.: timor abstulit animum, O. — With conscius or conscientia, the conscience: quos conscius animus exagitabat, S.: suae malae cogitationes conscientiaeque animi terrent.—Opinion, judgment, notion, belief: meo quidem animo, in my judgment: maxumi Preti esse animo meo, T.: ex animi tui sententiā iurare, to the best of your knowledge and belief. — The imagination, fancy: cerno animo sepultam patriam: fingite animis, sunt, etc.: nihil animo videre poterant.—Feeling, sensibility, affection, inclination, passion, heart: Quo gemitu conversi animi (sunt), V.: animum offendere: animus ubi se cupiditate devinxit, the character, T.: alius ad alia vitia propensior: tantaene animis caelestibus irae? V.: animo concipit iras, O.: mala mens, malus animus, bad mind, bad heart, T.: omnium mentīs animosque perturbare, Cs.: animum ipsum mentemque hominis: mente animoque nobiscum agunt, Ta.: bestiae, quarum animi sunt rationis expertes.—Disposition, inclination: meus animus in te semper: bono animo in populum R. videri, well disposed, Cs.: Nec non aurumque animusque Latino est, both gold and the disposition (i. e. to give it), V.: regina quietum Accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam, a kindly disposition, V.—Esp., in the phrase ex animo, from the heart, in earnest, deeply, sincerely: ex animo omnia facere an de industriā? from impulse or with some design, T.: sive ex animo id fit sive simulate: ex animo dolere, H.—In the locat. form animi, with verbs and adjj.: Antipho me excruciat animi, T.: exanimatus pendet animi: iuvenemque animi miserata repressit, pitying him in her heart, V.: anxius, S.: aeger, L.: infelix, V.: integer, H.—Meton., disposition, character, temper: animo es Molli: animo esse omisso, T.: animi molles et aetate fluxi, S.: sordidus atque animi parvi, H.—Fig., of plants: silvestris, wild nature, V.—Courage, spirit (freq. in plur.): mihi addere animum, T.: nostris animus augetur, Cs.: clamor Romanis auxit animum, L.: mihi animus accenditur, S.: Nunc demum redit animus, Ta.: Pallas Dat animos, O.: in hac re plus animi quam consili habere: tela viris animusque cadunt, O.: bono animo esse, to be of good courage: bono animo fac sis, T.: satis animi, courage enough, O.: magnus mihi animus est, fore, etc., hope, Ta.—Fig., of the winds: Aeolus mollit animos, the violence, V.—Of a top: dant animos plagae, give it quicker motion, V.—Haughtiness, arrogance, pride: vobis... Sublati animi sunt, your pride is roused, T.: tribuni militum animos ac spiritūs capere, bear the arrogance and pride, etc.—Passion, vehemence, wrath: animum vincere: animum rege, qui nisi paret Imperat, H.: (Achelous) pariter animis inmanis et undis, O.—In the phrase aequus animus, an even mind, calmness, moderation, equanimity: concedo... quod animus aequus est.—Usu. abl: aequo animo, with even mind, contentedly, resignedly, patiently: aequo animo ferre, T.: non tulit hoc aequo animo Dion, N.: aequissimo animo mori: alqd aequo animo accipit, is content to believe, S.: opinionem animis aut libentibus aut aequis remittere: sententiam haud aequioribus animis audire, L.—Inclination, pleasure: Indulgent animis, O.— Esp., animi causā, for the sake of amusement, for diversion, for pleasure: (animalia) alunt animi voluptatisque causā, Cs.: habet animi causā rus amoenum: animi et aurium causā homines habere, i. e. employ musicians.—Will, desire, purpose, design, intention, resolve: tuom animum intellegere, purpose, T.: persequi Iugurtham animo ardebat, S.: hostes in foro constiterunt, hoc animo, ut, etc., Cs.: habere in animo Capitolium ornare, to intend: fert animus dicere, my plan is, O.: nobis erat in animo Ciceronem mittere, it was my purpose: omnibus unum Opprimere est animus, O.: Sacra Iovi Stygio perficere est animus, V.* * *mind; intellect; soul; feelings; heart; spirit, courage, character, pride; air -
15 Gefühl
Gefühl, sensus (das Fühlen, Gefühl, die Empfindung am od. im Körper, als Sinn u. als subjektive, momentane Affektion; u. das geistige u. moral. Gefühl, z.B. sens. amoris; quidam sens. amandi: u. sens. humanitatis; dah. animi sensus, intimi'sensus). – id quod sentio od. sentimus (das, was ich im Herzen fühle, z.B. ea quae sentit, prae se tulit, er ließ die Gefühle seines Herzens laut werden: sentit quae scribit, er schreibt mit G.: quid deceat, sentit, er hat G. für das Schickliche). – sentiendi ratio (die Möglichkeit zu fühlen, z.B. nachdem der Mensch [bei seiner Erschaffung] Leben u. G. erhalten hatte, acceptā vivendi sentiendique ratione). – tactus (das Berühren als Sinn, der Tastsinn). – iudicium (das Vermögen, über etw. zu urteilen). – conscientia (das Bewußtsein einer Sache, z.B. virium nostrarum; vgl. conscientiā, quid abesset virium, d. i. im G. seiner Schwäche). – animus (die Seele als Gefühlsvermögen, das Gemüt, das Herz). – affectus (der momentane Zustand des Gemüts, die Stimmung, Gesinnung). – humanitas (Menschlichkeit = menschliches Fühlen, menschliche Teilnahme u. dgl.). – dolor (Schmerz über etw., z.B. das G. erlittenen Unrechts, iniuriae dolor). – Aber unser »Gefühl, Gefühl für etwas«, als allgemeine Seelenerscheinung, nicht als einmalige Seelenstimmung, muß im Lateinischen mehr konkret oder allgemein aufgefaßt und bezeichnet werden, z.B. tiefes, tief erregtes G. (der Rührung), multae lacrimae; magnus fletus: das natürliche G., natura: das bessere natürliche G., naturae bonitas: dankbares G., gratus animus; pietas: menschliches, edles G., humanitas: sittliches G., verecundia: religiöses G., G. für Religion, religio: banges G., angor: schmerzliches, peinliches G., dolor; animi dolor (moralisches): unangenehmes G., molestia: inniges G. (für eine mich nahe angehende Person), pietas: das G. der Freude, laetitia: das G. der Pflicht, officium: das G. der Liebe, amor: G. des Mitleids, misericordia: G. für Wahrheit, veritas; veritatis studium (Wahrheitsliebe): G. für Ehre, s. Ehrgefühl: G. für das Schöne (ästhetisches G.), elegantia (seiner Geschmack, z.B. von seinem G. für das Schöne sein, esse excultae cuiusdam elegantiae); venustas (Anmut, Liebreiz, der sich bei jmd. zeigt): ein Mann von ästhetischem Gefühl, homo elegans: ein Mann von sehr ästhetischem G., homo in omni iudicio elegantissimus. – G. haben, sensu praeditum esse: G. von etwas haben, sentire alqd; alcis rei sensu moveri: kein G. haben, s. gefühllos (sein): ein richtiges G. haben, recte sentire; quae recta sint sentire: das G. verlieren, sensum amittere (eig.); animus obdurescit, occallescit (uneig., hart, ohne Teilnahme werden): verschiedene Gefühle in den Gemütern hervorrufen, animos varie afficere: es erregt etw. verschiedene Gefühle in mir, varie afficior alqā re: es beschleicht (überkommt) mich das G. der Furcht, timore afficior. – es sträubt sich mein G., es widerstrebt meinem G., es ist od. geht gegen mein G., zu schildern etc., refugit animus et dicere [1015] reformidat; horreo dicere. – nach meinem G., ad meum sensum. de meo sensu (nach meinem Empfinden, z.B. ad m. s. nihil potest esse laudabilius quam etc.: u. de meo sensu iudicare): meo quidam animo (nach meines Herzens Empfindung); ad meum iudicium. meo quidem iudicio. ut nos iudicamus. quantum equidem iudicare possum (nach meinem Urteile); ut mihi quidem videtur (wie es mir wenigstens scheint): nach meinem innigsten G., ex mei animi sensu.
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16 bonus
bonus (arch. duonus, s. S. 852), a, um, Compar. melior, -ius, Genet. -ōris, Superl. optimus (v. opto), a, um, gut seiner Natur u. seinem Wesen nach (Ggstz. malus), fast in allen Beziehungen entsprechend dem griech. ἀγαθός (Ggstz. κακός), I) adi.: A) gut sowohl in physischer als auch in geistiger Hinsicht, trefflich, tüchtig, brav u. dgl., 1) an sich gut, bonae aedes, boni postes, Plaut.: nummi boni (Ggstz. nummi adulterini), Cic.: calamus, Cic.: agrum meliorem in his regionibus habet nemo, Ter.: optimum argentum, vortrefflich gearbeitetes, Cic. – vox, Quint.: bonā esse voce, Plaut. – memoria (Gedächtnis) b., Cic.: si meliore memoriā es, velim scire, ecquid de te recordere, Ter. – bona carmina (Ggstz. mala c.), Hor.: verba suā naturā bona aut mala (versch. v. bona verba unten no. I, A, 2, l), Cic.: verba valde bona, Cic.: bona dicta, Witze, Enn. fr.: scripta optima Graecorum, Hor.: omnia meliora facere, vervollkommnen, Cic. Tusc. 1, 1. – ars b., artes b., lobenswerte-, edle Eigenschaft, -Eigenschaften, Sing. b. Quint., Plur. b. Sall. u. Tac. (vgl. Spalding Quint. 12, 1, 7). – bonae res, das Gute (Ggstz. aliena ac nihil profutura), Sall. Iug. 1, 5. – adulescentes bonā indole praediti, Cic.: vir egregio ingenio bonisque omnibus disciplinis, Gell. – optimum est! vortrefflich! Plaut. (s. Brix Plaut. capt. 696).
Insbes.: a) = καλός der äußern Erscheinung nach gut, hübsch, schön, forma bona, Ter. u. Varr., melior, Hor.: cervix b., Suet.: M. Lepidus iuvenis formā, quam mente melior, Vell.: mulier bona aspectu, Ambros. ep. 27. no. 16. – b) von Geburt gut, von guter Abkunft, vornehm, angesehen, auch mit ethischem Nebenbegr. des Rechtlichen, Achtungswerten, wie honett, bono genere natus, Plaut. u. Cic. u. (Ggstz. malo genere natus) Cornif. rhet.: illam civem esse Atticam, bonis prognatam, honetter Leute Kind, Ter. – c) zum Geschäft gut, tüchtig, geschickt, brav, wacker, α) übh.: gubernator, gladiator, imperator, Cic.: dux, Ov.: poëta, Cic.: non boni, sed imperiti medici, Cels.: übtr., stilus optimus et praestantissimus dicendi magister, Cic. – m. Abl., hic iaculo bonus, hic longe fallente sagittā, Verg.: et proelio strenuus erat et consilio bonus, Sall. (vgl. im folg. pace belloque b.). – u. bonus (geschickt, kundig) m. Infin., Verg. ecl. 5, 1. Val. Flacc. 1, 438. Sil. 14, 453: u. so so melior (geeigneter, brauchbarer, tüchtiger) m. Infin., Pers. 4, 16. Lucan. 8, 381. Sil. 1, 681. Val. Flacc. 1, 424. Claud. IV. cons. Hon. 541; de nupt. Hon. et Mar. 314: u. optimus m. Infin., Stat. silv. 2, 3, 70. – subst., boni, tüchtige Männer, Cic. Tusc. 1, 110. – β) zum Kampfe, im Kriege tüchtig, wacker, brav (Ggstz. malus, ignavus, s. Dietsch Sall. Iug. 86, 3), meist subst., iuxta boni malique, strenui et imbelles inulti obtruncari, Sall.: pari periculo, sed famā impari boni atque ignavi erant, Sall.: optimus quisque cadere aut sauciari, Sall. – m. Abl., vir pace belloque b., Liv.: bonus militiā, Tac.: bello meliores (Ggstz. rudes), Sall.: Pisidae optimi bello, Liv. Vgl. Fabri Sall. Iug. 13, 1. Drak. Liv. 4, 2, 2. Kießl. Tac. ann. 1, 3.
2) in bezug auf die Empfindung, das Befinden, die Lage jmds., gut, trefflich, frisch, gesund, angenehm, günstig, glücklich, a) v. phys.. u. geistigen Befinden, gut, trefflich, gesund, valetudo bona, Cic., optima, Caes. – mens b., vernünftiger, gesunder Verstand (Ggstz. furor), Liv. u.a.: numquid vis? D. mentem vobis meliorem dari, Ter. – animus b., ein ruhiger, gelassener Sinn, Plaut.: bono animo esse, guten Mutes sein, Cic. u.a. (bes. oft es bono animo u. bono animo es, sei guten Muts, Komik., Varr. u. Apul.; s. Hildebr. Apul. met. 7, 12. p. 567): bonum animum (Mut) habere, Liv., de Numidia, Sall. – b) v. phys. Eigenschaften u. Zuständen, gut, frisch, gesund, color (Gesichtsfarbe), Lucr. u. (Ggstz. malus) Ov.: melior sanguis (Jugendblut) dabat, Verg.: aetas bona, das frische Alter = die Jugend (Ggstz. aetas mala), Cic. u. (der Tiere) Varr. – v. Lust u. Witterung, caelum b., Cato: bona et certa tempestas, Cic.: tempestas melior, via peior, Hor. – c) v. Örtl.: Th. Non in loco emit perbono has (aedes)? Tr. Immo optimo. Plaut.: amnis doctus iter melius, Hor. – d) v. unschädlichen Dingen, gesund, heilsam, unschädlich, vinum, Cels.: aquae, Prop. – e) v. den Sinnen angenehmen Dingen, gut, köstlich, edel, regio rebus opima bonis, Lucr.: bonis rebus explere, Lucr.: optimis rebus uti, in jeder Hinsicht auf das beste (feinste) eingerichtet sein, Nep. – grandi pecuniā et re bonā multā (mit vielen Kostbarkeiten) copiosus, Gell. – optima quaedam (Ggstz. vilia et minuta), Plin. ep. 2, 6, 2. – insbes., bonae res, wie τὰ ἀγαθά, köstliche Sachen, d.i. köstliche Salben, Leckerbissen, Delikatessen, Nep.: cena b., Catull.: cenarum bonarum assectator, Sen. – f) v. Nachrichten u. Gerüchten, gut, angenehm, günstig, nuntii b., Plaut.: bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est, Cic. – g) v. Gesinnung u. Denkart, et quorum melior sententia menti, Verg. – h) v. Lebens-u. Gemütszuständen, fama b. (ευδοξία), guter Ruf, Cic. (vgl. fama): optimae opinionis vir, ICt. – cum bona gratia, s. grātia. – cum b. venia, u. bl. bonā veniā, s. venia. – spes b., Cic. u.a. (vgl. spes). – i) v. menschl. Handlungen, Verhältnissen u. Lagen, gut = nützlich, verdienstlich, bona facta, Tac.: exemplum b., Tac.: alcis operā optimā fortissimāque usum esse, Caes.: bonā fortique operā eorum se ad eam diem usum, Liv.: bonam operam navare adversus alqm, Aur. Vict. – od. gut = gedeihlich, günstig, glücklich, bona initia (Ggstz. mali eventus), Sall.: bonus eventus, Varr.: exitus boni, Hor.: haec omnia meliores habebunt exitus, Cic.: fata b., Hor.: fatis melioribus uti, Verg.: salutis bonae si quid, Cic.: raro simul hominibus bonam fortunam bonamque mentem dari, Liv.: b. mors, ein glücklicher, leichter Tod, Plin. ep.: b. navigatio, Cic. u. Val. Max. – bonae res, günstige, glückliche Umstände od. Lage, Glück (Ggstz. malae), Plaut., Cic. u. Liv.: res et fortunae tuae... quae quidem cotidie faciliores mihi et meliores videntur, Cic. – in bonam partem, in optimam partem accipere (vgl. accipio), Cic. – k) v. der Zeit, gut = günstig, glücklich, froh, heiter, dies b., Ov., Sen. u. Petr.: optima quaeque dies miseris mortalibus aevi prima fugit, Verg.: bona hora, Petr.: bonas horas male collocare, Mart. – endlich l) v. Vorbedeutungen u. allem, was dazu gehört, gut = Glück bringend, günstig, von guter Vorbedeutung, auspicium b., Cic.: meliore opus est auspicio, Plaut.: omine cum bono, Catull.: bona cum alite, Catull.: ite bonis avibus, Ov. – v. der Rede, dicamus bona verba, Tibull.: linguis animisque favete; nunc dicenda bono sunt bona verba die, Ov.: dah. übtr., bona verba quaeso, nur gemach! Ter. Andr. 204. – u. die Eingangsformeln: quod bonum faustum felix fortunatumque sit, Cic.: quod bonum atque fortunatum sit, Plaut.: quod bonum faustumque sit tibi domuique tuae, Caesar Auguste, Suet.: venerare, ut nobis haec habitatio bona fausta felix fortunataque evenat, Plaut. trin. 40 sq. – u. vor Edikten: bonum factum, Heil u. Glück! Suet. (vgl. die Auslgg. zu Suet. Caes. 80, 2): bonum factum, ut edicta mea servetis, wohlan denn, nehmt in Obacht usw., Plaut.
3) in bezug auf Zweck u. Gebrauch gut, d.i. tauglich, geeignet, zweckmäßig, bequem, aetas tironum plerumque melior, taugt besser, Cic. Tusc. 2, 38. – mit ad u. Akk.: terra cuiusmodi sit refert, et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit, Varr.: campi militi Romano ad proelium boni, Tac. – m. Dat., ager frugum fertilis, bonus pecori, Sall.: quia mons pecori bonus alendo erat, Liv.: civitatibus suis quidem non boni (für ihre St. nicht von Segen), sed etc., Cic. de or. 3, 139. – dah. bonum est, es hilft, Cato. – quod mihi erit bonum atque commodum, bequem u. leicht für mich, Ter. – melius est m. 2. Sup., vitatu quidque petitu sit melius, Hor. sat. 1, 4, 116. – optimus est m. 2. Sup., quist amor cultu optumus, Plaut. mil. 101: bes. optimum factu esse, Cic. ep. 7, 3, 1. Cic. II. Verr. 1, 67 u. 136; Cat. 1, 29. Caes. b.G. 4, 30, 2. Liv. 38, 22, 2. – u. bonum est (es ist gut, ersprießlich, geraten, heilsam) m. Infin., Plaut. Curc. 176. Publ. Syr. sent. 47 R2: bonum atque utile est m. Acc. u. Infin., Dict. Cret. 2, 22: u. bonum videtur m. Infin., Augustin. conf. 8, 1: u. melius est m. Infin., Cic. ep. 9, 18, 2; de legg. 3, 54: u. erit melius m. Infin. perf. act., Liv. 3, 41, 3; 3, 48, 2: u. optimum est m. Infin., Caes. b.G. 2, 10, 4: u. optimum factu videtur m. Infin., Sall. Iug. 107, 5: u. optimum videtur m. Acc. u. Infin., Liv. 3, 4, 10 u. 27, 4, 3: u. optimum factu credens od. ratus m. Infin., Sall. Cat. 32, 1; 55, 1; 57, 5: u. (id) optimum est (ist am geratensten) m. folg. ut u. Konj., Plaut. trin. 486. Callistr. dig. 4, 2, 13: u. hoc mihi factu est optimum m. folg. ut u. Konj., Plaut. aul. 582: u. optimum est m. bl. Konj., Plaut. Men. 947 (dazu Brix mehr Belege).
4) übtr. auf den Grad einer Menge, gut = ziemlich, nicht unbeträchtlich, ansehnlich, bona pars hominum, Hor.: bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem differre, Cic.: u. verb. bonam magnamque partem ad se attulit, Ter.: sit bona librorum copia, Hor.
B) in moral. Hinsicht gut, 1) im allg., gutartig, brav, bieder, redlich, rechtschaffen, zuverlässig, ehrenhaft, treu, ehrlich (s. Dietsch u. Fabri Sall. Iug. 5, 5), a) v. Gesinnung u. Handlungsweise, ingenio bono esse, Ter.: ob mores bonos, Cels.: bono animo in populum Rom. esse, Caes.: consilio bono, in guter Absicht, Cic.: fides b., bonā fide, s. 1. fidēs. – conscientia b., Quint., conscientia optima, Plin. ep. – bona atque honesta amicitia, Sall.: societas b., Tac.: – causa b., Cic.: ratio bona cum perdita confligit, Cic. – bona pars tui, v. Geist (Ggstz. corpus), Sen.: u. so optima pars hominis, Cic.: u. quod est optimum in nobis, Lact., u. quod in homine praestantissimum et optimum est, Cic. Vgl. Bünem. Lact. 1, 7, 13. p. 49 sq. – b) v. Pers., bonus auctor, Cic.: u. so auctor valde bonus, auctor optimus, Cic.: M. Lepidus iuvenis formā quam mente melior, Vell.: boni fidelesque socii, Liv.: in foro infimo boni homines et dites ambulant, in medio, ibi ostentatores meri, Plaut.: naturā optimus, Sen.: fecit (homines) ex malis bonos, ex bonis optimos, Capitol. – bes. oft vir bonus u. subst. bl. bonus, der brave, biedere, rechtliche, wohlgesinnte, honette Mann, der Biedermann, Ehrenmann, auch ironisch (s. Sorof Cic. de or. 2, 85. Jordan Cic. Caecin. 16. p. 171), negant quemquam esse bonum virum nisi sapientem, Cic.: hoc autem celandi genus quale sit et cuius hominis, quis non videt? certe non aperti, non simplicis, non ingenui, non iusti, non viri boni; versuti potius, obscuri, astuti, fallacis etc., Cic.: pessimus atque optimus vir, Quint.: iustis autem et fidis hominibus, id est bonis viris, ita fides habetur, ut etc., Sall.: vir gratus bonusque, Liv., od. gratus homo et vir bonus, Cic.: ipso homo melior non est, es gibt keinen braveren Mann als ihn, Petr.: tanto melior! (Ggstz. tanto nequior), wir »desto besser!« (s. Wagner Ter. heaut. 549): homines optimi, die guten (lieben) Leutchen (iron.), Cic.: viri boni est misereri, Cic. – subst. (vgl. Dietsch Sall. Iug. 42, 3), proprium est boni recte facere, Quint. 5, 10, 64: bonus tantum modo segnior fit, ubi neglegas, malus improbior, Sall.: Plur., minor vis bonis quam malis inest, Plin. ep.: boni, Ggstz. nefandi (die Ruchlosen), Ov. – u. im Voc. in der Anrede, mein guter, braver, wackerer, wie ὠγαθέ, ὠγαθοί, α) in freundlicher Anrede: dux bone, Hor.: optimi viri, Cic.: o bone, Hor. u. Pers.: bone, Hor.: boni, Hor. – β) mit Ironie: bone vir, sauberer Bursche, Plaut, u. Ter.: quid ais, bone (du sauberer) custos defensorque provinciae? Cic.: boni, ihr lieben Leutchen, Hor. Vgl. Brix Plaut. capt. 951. Spengel Ter. Andr. 616. Fritzsche u. Heindorf Hor. sat. 2, 2, 1. Drak. Sil. 2, 240. – u. Bonus = Χρηστός, der »Redliche«, als Beiname des Phocion, Nep. Phoc. 1, 1.
2) insbes.: a) politisch gut-, wohlgesinnt, patriotisch gesinnt, loyal, gemeinsinnig, d.i. in Rom = aristokratisch gesinnt, in Athen usw. = demokratisch gesinnt, ut eum, quem bonum civem semper habuisset, bonum virum (rechtl. M.) esse pateretur, Cic.: bonus et fortis civis (Ggstz. aut timidus aut sibi potius consulens), Cic.: boni cives, boni viri (Ggstz. seditiosus civis), Cic.: qui ita suum consulem observavit, ut et illi quaestor bonus et vobis omnibus optimus civis videretur, Cic.: pars (Partei) melior (Ggstz. pars deterior), Liv. – subst., ein Gutgesinnter, ein Patriot, loyaler Bürger, Sing. u. Plur. b. Cic. u.a.: omnes boni, Cic.: boni complures, Sall.: fautor et cultor bonorum, Liv.: so auch optimi viri, achtbare Patrioten, Cic.: u. ironisch, etsi propediem video bonorum (Patrioten), id est lautorum et lo upletium (Leuten, die gern gut leben u. volle Beutel haben) urbem refertam fore, Cic. ad Att. 8, 1, 3. – b) sittlich gut = sittsam, keusch, tugendhaft, quid dicas, nullam mulierem bonam esse, Plaut.: femina, Cic.: virgo, coniunx, Catull.: pueri boni malique, Catull. – amor, Catull. – c) gutmütig, uneigennützig, von Hetären, die kein Geld nehmen, expedit bonas esse vobis, Ter.: at bona, quae nec avara fuit, Tibull. – d) gütig = gnädig, gewogen, gefällig, des bonus veniam, Hor.: vos Manes este boni, Verg.: di boni! als Ausruf, Komik, u. Cic. (s. Spengel Ter. Andr. 338): bone deus, Augustin. conf. 2, 6, 12. – hic si, quā modeste munifico esse licet, vellet bonus atque benignus esse, Hor. – m. Dat., vicinis bonus esto, Cato: sis bonus o felixque tuis, Verg. – m. in u. Akk., eo velim uti possem bono in me, Cic. – dah. als Beiname des Jupiter, Iuppiter Optimus Maximus, abgekürzt OM. ( nicht Maximus Optimus, s. Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 64), Cic. u.a. – u. Bona Dea, s. bes. S. 846. – optimus zuw. noch durch Advv. gesteigert, wie: satis opt., Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 26: valde opt., Plin. Val. 3, 3: plane opt., Apul. de dogm. Plat. 2, 19: perquam optimus, Itala psalm. 22, 5 (b. Cypr. ep. 63, 12). – / vulg. Genet. Sing. Femin. bone, Corp. inscr. Lat. 10, 1231 (a 490 p. Chr.): arch. Dat. Sing. Femin. bonai, Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 54: arch. Nomin. Plur. bonei, Catull. 61, 232 Schw.: arch. Dat. Plur. boneis, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 1194 u. 10, 600. Plaut. Poen. 1216 cod. Ambr. – Kompar. arch. Akk. meliosem, Varr. LL. 7, 27. Paul. ex Fest. 122, 2 = 87, 25 Thewr. (nach Bugges Vorschlag): Abl. Sing. gew. meliore, doch auch meliori, Act. fr. Arv. aus dem J. 101. I. lin. 73. Corp. inscr. Lat. 8, 1183 (aber Cic. Quinct. 4 Kayser und Müller meliore): arch. Dat. od. Abl. Plur. meliosibus, Paul. ex Fest. 264, 6. – Superl. auch gedehnt opitumus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 1016: opitimus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 2440. – Superl. bonissimus od. melissimus ungebr. nach Varr. LL. 8, 75 u. 76; doch bonissima femina, Corp. inscr. Lat. 5, 342*. – arch. Nbf. duōnus, Paul. ex Fest. 67, 1. Cn. Marc. carm. bei Fest. 165 (a), 30; vgl. Gloss. II, 56, 56 ›duonus, ἀγαθός‹: Genet. Plur. duonoro(m), Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 32.
II) subst., bonum, ī, n., Kompar. melius, n., 1) das Gute = die gute Beschaffenheit, der gute Zustand usw., ni vis boni in ipsa inesset forma, Ter.: in bonum vertere, sich zum Guten wenden, zum Guten ausschlagen, Caes.u. Liv.: mutare in deterius aut in melius, Sen.: mutari in melius (von Pers.), Tac.: perniciosa illorum consilia fortuna deflexit in melius, Sen.: pleraque ab saevis adulationibus aliorum in melius flexit, wußte die bessere Seite herauszukehren, Tac.: reficere in melius et in maius, verbessern u. vergrößern, Plin. ep.: it in melius valetudo principis, es geht besser mit der G. des F., Tac. – 2) wie το ἀγαθόν, bonum, ī, n., u. wie τὰ ἀγαθά, Plur. bona, ōrum, n., das Gut, das Gute, a) übh. jedes phys., geistige u. moralische Gut, Glücksgut, Glück, körperl., geist. u. moral. Vorzug, Talent, Tugend, übh. alles, was gut, recht u. löblich ist (Ggstz. malum), α) Sing.: bonum breve est, Nov. fr.: sapiens et bonum ferre potest modice et malum fortiter aut leviter, Varr. fr.: aut honoribus aucti aut re familiari, aut si aliud quippiam nacti sumus fortuiti boni aut depulimus mali etc., Cic.: forma bonum fragile est, Ov.: summum bonum erae esse putabam hunc Pamphilum, Ter.: bonum tuum concoquas, genieße dein Glück, Petr.: nihil melius homini sit a dis immortalibus datum, kein größeres Gut, Cic. – bonum naturale, angeborenes Talent, Nep. – bonum mentis est virtus, Cic.: bonum tuum auge et exorna, dein Gutes (deine Vorzüge, deine Tugenden), Sen. – ius bonumque, was recht u. gut ist, Sall.: aequum et bonum u. dgl., s. aequus (oben S. 194). – summum bonum, das höchste Gut (im philosoph. Sinne), Cic.: a bono honestoque in pravum abstrahi, Sall.: boni honestique sectator, Dict. – bonum! als Ausruf, etwa »du meine Güte!« Apul. met. 10, 16. – β) Plur.: tria genera bonorum: maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, Cic.: bona malaque corporis, Suet.: bona animi, Cic., Sen. u.a. (Ggstz. bona corporis et externa, Sall.): bona aut mala, Vorzüge oder Fehler, Sall.: aber bona malaque vestra, euer Wohl und Wehe, Tac.: acer bonorum et vitiorum suorum iudex, Cic.: ingenii multa bona, Sall.: eloquentiae, ingenii studiique bona, Quint.: bona pacis, Tac. – mala fugere, sequi bona, Cic. – dividere bona diversis, Gutes vom Schädlichen trennen, Hor.: omnes omnia bona dicere, sie sagten alles Gute von mir, Ter. Andr. 97: bona omnia optare od. precari alci, lauter Heil u. Segen, Plaud. rud. 639. Liv. 24, 16, 10: meliora praetervolant, deteriora succedunt, Sen. ep. 108, 25. – di melius duint, di meliora velint od. ferant u. dgl., s. deus. – b) Gut, Güter, Vermögen, Reichtum, -tümer, nur im Plur. (vgl. Cic. parad. 1, 7), bona fortunaeque, Cic.: omnium fortunae et bona, Cic.: bona, fortunae, possessiones omnium, Cic.: b. patria, Cic.: b. paterna et avita, Cic.: bona aliena, Cic.: bona privata, Cic.: bona caduca, Stat.: bonorum omnium heres, Universalerbe, Liv.: divisa inter creditores bona, Tac.: haec Heraclii bona verbo redigere (einziehen), re dissipare, Cic.: alqm patriis bonis evertere od. exturbare, Cic.: ea bona huic Heraclio utenda ac possidenda tradere, Cic. – dah. esse in bonis, im Besitz der Güter (einer Erbschaft) sein, Cic. ep. 13, 30, 1 (dagegen Cic. Tusc. 5, 28: qui sint in bonis, nullo adiuncto malo, d.i. die im Besitze u. Genusse von [phys.- u. moral.] Gütern aller Art sind): u. in dieser Bedtg. habere in bonis, ICt.: dagegen esse in bonis alcis, im Besitze jmds. sein, jmdm. angehören, ICt. – c) bonum, das Gute = der Nutzen, Vorteil, die Belohnung u. dgl., nullā boni spe, ohne sich etwas Gutes zu versehen, Tac.: quis enim ullam ullius boni spem haberet in eo? sollte sich von ihm etw. G. versehen? Cic.: quid mihi sit boni (was sollte es mir helfen), si mentiar, Plaut.: cui bono fuisset, wenn es zum Nutzen gereicht hätte, zugute gekommen wäre, Cic.: quibus occidi patrem bono fuit, Cic. – bonum publicum, der Staatsvorteil, das Staatswohl, das allgemeine Beste (Ggstz. malum publicum), hoc ita si fiat, publico fiat bono, Plaut.: bene gerere rem bono publico, Plaut.: bonum publicum simulantes, Sall.: ne ira obstaret bono publico, Liv.: privato usui bonum publicum postponitur, Tac. – so auch commune bonum, das gemeine Wohl (Beste), non desinemus communi bono operam dare, Sen. de otio 1 (28), 4.
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17 bonus
bonus (arch. duonus, s. S. 852), a, um, Compar. melior, -ius, Genet. -ōris, Superl. optimus (v. opto), a, um, gut seiner Natur u. seinem Wesen nach (Ggstz. malus), fast in allen Beziehungen entsprechend dem griech. ἀγαθός (Ggstz. κακός), I) adi.: A) gut sowohl in physischer als auch in geistiger Hinsicht, trefflich, tüchtig, brav u. dgl., 1) an sich gut, bonae aedes, boni postes, Plaut.: nummi boni (Ggstz. nummi adulterini), Cic.: calamus, Cic.: agrum meliorem in his regionibus habet nemo, Ter.: optimum argentum, vortrefflich gearbeitetes, Cic. – vox, Quint.: bonā esse voce, Plaut. – memoria (Gedächtnis) b., Cic.: si meliore memoriā es, velim scire, ecquid de te recordere, Ter. – bona carmina (Ggstz. mala c.), Hor.: verba suā naturā bona aut mala (versch. v. bona verba unten no. I, A, 2, l), Cic.: verba valde bona, Cic.: bona dicta, Witze, Enn. fr.: scripta optima Graecorum, Hor.: omnia meliora facere, vervollkommnen, Cic. Tusc. 1, 1. – ars b., artes b., lobenswerte-, edle Eigenschaft, -Eigenschaften, Sing. b. Quint., Plur. b. Sall. u. Tac. (vgl. Spalding Quint. 12, 1, 7). – bonae res, das Gute (Ggstz. aliena ac nihil profutura), Sall. Iug. 1, 5. – adulescentes bonā indole praediti, Cic.: vir egregio ingenio bonisque omnibus disciplinis, Gell. – optimum est! vortrefflich! Plaut. (s. Brix Plaut. capt. 696).————Insbes.: a) = καλός der äußern Erscheinung nach gut, hübsch, schön, forma bona, Ter. u. Varr., melior, Hor.: cervix b., Suet.: M. Lepidus iuvenis formā, quam mente melior, Vell.: mulier bona aspectu, Ambros. ep. 27. no. 16. – b) von Geburt gut, von guter Abkunft, vornehm, angesehen, auch mit ethischem Nebenbegr. des Rechtlichen, Achtungswerten, wie honett, bono genere natus, Plaut. u. Cic. u. (Ggstz. malo genere natus) Cornif. rhet.: illam civem esse Atticam, bonis prognatam, honetter Leute Kind, Ter. – c) zum Geschäft gut, tüchtig, geschickt, brav, wacker, α) übh.: gubernator, gladiator, imperator, Cic.: dux, Ov.: poëta, Cic.: non boni, sed imperiti medici, Cels.: übtr., stilus optimus et praestantissimus dicendi magister, Cic. – m. Abl., hic iaculo bonus, hic longe fallente sagittā, Verg.: et proelio strenuus erat et consilio bonus, Sall. (vgl. im folg. pace belloque b.). – u. bonus (geschickt, kundig) m. Infin., Verg. ecl. 5, 1. Val. Flacc. 1, 438. Sil. 14, 453: u. so so melior (geeigneter, brauchbarer, tüchtiger) m. Infin., Pers. 4, 16. Lucan. 8, 381. Sil. 1, 681. Val. Flacc. 1, 424. Claud. IV. cons. Hon. 541; de nupt. Hon. et Mar. 314: u. optimus m. Infin., Stat. silv. 2, 3, 70. – subst., boni, tüchtige Männer, Cic. Tusc. 1, 110. – β) zum Kampfe, im Kriege tüchtig, wacker, brav (Ggstz. malus, ignavus, s. Dietsch Sall. Iug. 86, 3), meist subst., iuxta boni malique, strenui et imbelles————inulti obtruncari, Sall.: pari periculo, sed famā impari boni atque ignavi erant, Sall.: optimus quisque cadere aut sauciari, Sall. – m. Abl., vir pace belloque b., Liv.: bonus militiā, Tac.: bello meliores (Ggstz. rudes), Sall.: Pisidae optimi bello, Liv. Vgl. Fabri Sall. Iug. 13, 1. Drak. Liv. 4, 2, 2. Kießl. Tac. ann. 1, 3.2) in bezug auf die Empfindung, das Befinden, die Lage jmds., gut, trefflich, frisch, gesund, angenehm, günstig, glücklich, a) v. phys.. u. geistigen Befinden, gut, trefflich, gesund, valetudo bona, Cic., optima, Caes. – mens b., vernünftiger, gesunder Verstand (Ggstz. furor), Liv. u.a.: numquid vis? D. mentem vobis meliorem dari, Ter. – animus b., ein ruhiger, gelassener Sinn, Plaut.: bono animo esse, guten Mutes sein, Cic. u.a. (bes. oft es bono animo u. bono animo es, sei guten Muts, Komik., Varr. u. Apul.; s. Hildebr. Apul. met. 7, 12. p. 567): bonum animum (Mut) habere, Liv., de Numidia, Sall. – b) v. phys. Eigenschaften u. Zuständen, gut, frisch, gesund, color (Gesichtsfarbe), Lucr. u. (Ggstz. malus) Ov.: melior sanguis (Jugendblut) dabat, Verg.: aetas bona, das frische Alter = die Jugend (Ggstz. aetas mala), Cic. u. (der Tiere) Varr. – v. Lust u. Witterung, caelum b., Cato: bona et certa tempestas, Cic.: tempestas melior, via peior, Hor. – c) v. Örtl.: Th. Non in loco emit perbono has (aedes)? Tr. Immo optimo. Plaut.: amnis————doctus iter melius, Hor. – d) v. unschädlichen Dingen, gesund, heilsam, unschädlich, vinum, Cels.: aquae, Prop. – e) v. den Sinnen angenehmen Dingen, gut, köstlich, edel, regio rebus opima bonis, Lucr.: bonis rebus explere, Lucr.: optimis rebus uti, in jeder Hinsicht auf das beste (feinste) eingerichtet sein, Nep. – grandi pecuniā et re bonā multā (mit vielen Kostbarkeiten) copiosus, Gell. – optima quaedam (Ggstz. vilia et minuta), Plin. ep. 2, 6, 2. – insbes., bonae res, wie τὰ ἀγαθά, köstliche Sachen, d.i. köstliche Salben, Leckerbissen, Delikatessen, Nep.: cena b., Catull.: cenarum bonarum assectator, Sen. – f) v. Nachrichten u. Gerüchten, gut, angenehm, günstig, nuntii b., Plaut.: bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est, Cic. – g) v. Gesinnung u. Denkart, et quorum melior sententia menti, Verg. – h) v. Lebens- u. Gemütszuständen, fama b. (ευδοξία), guter Ruf, Cic. (vgl. fama): optimae opinionis vir, ICt. – cum bona gratia, s. gratia. – cum b. venia, u. bl. bonā veniā, s. venia. – spes b., Cic. u.a. (vgl. spes). – i) v. menschl. Handlungen, Verhältnissen u. Lagen, gut = nützlich, verdienstlich, bona facta, Tac.: exemplum b., Tac.: alcis operā optimā fortissimāque usum esse, Caes.: bonā fortique operā eorum se ad eam diem usum, Liv.: bonam operam navare adversus alqm, Aur. Vict. – od. gut = gedeihlich, günstig, glücklich, bona initia (Ggstz. mali eventus), Sall.:————bonus eventus, Varr.: exitus boni, Hor.: haec omnia meliores habebunt exitus, Cic.: fata b., Hor.: fatis melioribus uti, Verg.: salutis bonae si quid, Cic.: raro simul hominibus bonam fortunam bonamque mentem dari, Liv.: b. mors, ein glücklicher, leichter Tod, Plin. ep.: b. navigatio, Cic. u. Val. Max. – bonae res, günstige, glückliche Umstände od. Lage, Glück (Ggstz. malae), Plaut., Cic. u. Liv.: res et fortunae tuae... quae quidem cotidie faciliores mihi et meliores videntur, Cic. – in bonam partem, in optimam partem accipere (vgl. accipio), Cic. – k) v. der Zeit, gut = günstig, glücklich, froh, heiter, dies b., Ov., Sen. u. Petr.: optima quaeque dies miseris mortalibus aevi prima fugit, Verg.: bona hora, Petr.: bonas horas male collocare, Mart. – endlich l) v. Vorbedeutungen u. allem, was dazu gehört, gut = Glück bringend, günstig, von guter Vorbedeutung, auspicium b., Cic.: meliore opus est auspicio, Plaut.: omine cum bono, Catull.: bona cum alite, Catull.: ite bonis avibus, Ov. – v. der Rede, dicamus bona verba, Tibull.: linguis animisque favete; nunc dicenda bono sunt bona verba die, Ov.: dah. übtr., bona verba quaeso, nur gemach! Ter. Andr. 204. – u. die Eingangsformeln: quod bonum faustum felix fortunatumque sit, Cic.: quod bonum atque fortunatum sit, Plaut.: quod bonum faustumque sit tibi domuique tuae, Caesar Auguste, Suet.: venerare, ut nobis haec habitatio bona————fausta felix fortunataque evenat, Plaut. trin. 40 sq. – u. vor Edikten: bonum factum, Heil u. Glück! Suet. (vgl. die Auslgg. zu Suet. Caes. 80, 2): bonum factum, ut edicta mea servetis, wohlan denn, nehmt in Obacht usw., Plaut.3) in bezug auf Zweck u. Gebrauch gut, d.i. tauglich, geeignet, zweckmäßig, bequem, aetas tironum plerumque melior, taugt besser, Cic. Tusc. 2, 38. – mit ad u. Akk.: terra cuiusmodi sit refert, et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit, Varr.: campi militi Romano ad proelium boni, Tac. – m. Dat., ager frugum fertilis, bonus pecori, Sall.: quia mons pecori bonus alendo erat, Liv.: civitatibus suis quidem non boni (für ihre St. nicht von Segen), sed etc., Cic. de or. 3, 139. – dah. bonum est, es hilft, Cato. – quod mihi erit bonum atque commodum, bequem u. leicht für mich, Ter. – melius est m. 2. Sup., vitatu quidque petitu sit melius, Hor. sat. 1, 4, 116. – optimus est m. 2. Sup., quist amor cultu optumus, Plaut. mil. 101: bes. optimum factu esse, Cic. ep. 7, 3, 1. Cic. II. Verr. 1, 67 u. 136; Cat. 1, 29. Caes. b.G. 4, 30, 2. Liv. 38, 22, 2. – u. bonum est (es ist gut, ersprießlich, geraten, heilsam) m. Infin., Plaut. Curc. 176. Publ. Syr. sent. 47 R2: bonum atque utile est m. Acc. u. Infin., Dict. Cret. 2, 22: u. bonum videtur m. Infin., Augustin. conf. 8, 1: u. melius est m. Infin., Cic. ep. 9, 18, 2; de legg. 3, 54: u. erit melius m. Infin. perf. act.,————Liv. 3, 41, 3; 3, 48, 2: u. optimum est m. Infin., Caes. b.G. 2, 10, 4: u. optimum factu videtur m. Infin., Sall. Iug. 107, 5: u. optimum videtur m. Acc. u. Infin., Liv. 3, 4, 10 u. 27, 4, 3: u. optimum factu credens od. ratus m. Infin., Sall. Cat. 32, 1; 55, 1; 57, 5: u. (id) optimum est (ist am geratensten) m. folg. ut u. Konj., Plaut. trin. 486. Callistr. dig. 4, 2, 13: u. hoc mihi factu est optimum m. folg. ut u. Konj., Plaut. aul. 582: u. optimum est m. bl. Konj., Plaut. Men. 947 (dazu Brix mehr Belege).4) übtr. auf den Grad einer Menge, gut = ziemlich, nicht unbeträchtlich, ansehnlich, bona pars hominum, Hor.: bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem differre, Cic.: u. verb. bonam magnamque partem ad se attulit, Ter.: sit bona librorum copia, Hor.B) in moral. Hinsicht gut, 1) im allg., gutartig, brav, bieder, redlich, rechtschaffen, zuverlässig, ehrenhaft, treu, ehrlich (s. Dietsch u. Fabri Sall. Iug. 5, 5), a) v. Gesinnung u. Handlungsweise, ingenio bono esse, Ter.: ob mores bonos, Cels.: bono animo in populum Rom. esse, Caes.: consilio bono, in guter Absicht, Cic.: fides b., bonā fide, s. fides. – conscientia b., Quint., conscientia optima, Plin. ep. – bona atque honesta amicitia, Sall.: societas b., Tac.: – causa b., Cic.: ratio bona cum perdita confligit, Cic. – bona pars tui, v. Geist (Ggstz. corpus), Sen.: u. so optima pars hominis, Cic.: u. quod est optimum in————nobis, Lact., u. quod in homine praestantissimum et optimum est, Cic. Vgl. Bünem. Lact. 1, 7, 13. p. 49 sq. – b) v. Pers., bonus auctor, Cic.: u. so auctor valde bonus, auctor optimus, Cic.: M. Lepidus iuvenis formā quam mente melior, Vell.: boni fidelesque socii, Liv.: in foro infimo boni homines et dites ambulant, in medio, ibi ostentatores meri, Plaut.: naturā optimus, Sen.: fecit (homines) ex malis bonos, ex bonis optimos, Capitol. – bes. oft vir bonus u. subst. bl. bonus, der brave, biedere, rechtliche, wohlgesinnte, honette Mann, der Biedermann, Ehrenmann, auch ironisch (s. Sorof Cic. de or. 2, 85. Jordan Cic. Caecin. 16. p. 171), negant quemquam esse bonum virum nisi sapientem, Cic.: hoc autem celandi genus quale sit et cuius hominis, quis non videt? certe non aperti, non simplicis, non ingenui, non iusti, non viri boni; versuti potius, obscuri, astuti, fallacis etc., Cic.: pessimus atque optimus vir, Quint.: iustis autem et fidis hominibus, id est bonis viris, ita fides habetur, ut etc., Sall.: vir gratus bonusque, Liv., od. gratus homo et vir bonus, Cic.: ipso homo melior non est, es gibt keinen braveren Mann als ihn, Petr.: tanto melior! (Ggstz. tanto nequior), wir »desto besser!« (s. Wagner Ter. heaut. 549): homines optimi, die guten (lieben) Leutchen (iron.), Cic.: viri boni est misereri, Cic. – subst. (vgl. Dietsch Sall. Iug. 42, 3), proprium est boni recte facere, Quint. 5, 10, 64: bonus tantum-————modo segnior fit, ubi neglegas, malus improbior, Sall.: Plur., minor vis bonis quam malis inest, Plin. ep.: boni, Ggstz. nefandi (die Ruchlosen), Ov. – u. im Voc. in der Anrede, mein guter, braver, wackerer, wie ὠγαθέ, ὠγαθοί, α) in freundlicher Anrede: dux bone, Hor.: optimi viri, Cic.: o bone, Hor. u. Pers.: bone, Hor.: boni, Hor. – β) mit Ironie: bone vir, sauberer Bursche, Plaut, u. Ter.: quid ais, bone (du sauberer) custos defensorque provinciae? Cic.: boni, ihr lieben Leutchen, Hor. Vgl. Brix Plaut. capt. 951. Spengel Ter. Andr. 616. Fritzsche u. Heindorf Hor. sat. 2, 2, 1. Drak. Sil. 2, 240. – u. Bonus = Χρηστός, der »Redliche«, als Beiname des Phocion, Nep. Phoc. 1, 1.2) insbes.: a) politisch gut-, wohlgesinnt, patriotisch gesinnt, loyal, gemeinsinnig, d.i. in Rom = aristokratisch gesinnt, in Athen usw. = demokratisch gesinnt, ut eum, quem bonum civem semper habuisset, bonum virum (rechtl. M.) esse pateretur, Cic.: bonus et fortis civis (Ggstz. aut timidus aut sibi potius consulens), Cic.: boni cives, boni viri (Ggstz. seditiosus civis), Cic.: qui ita suum consulem observavit, ut et illi quaestor bonus et vobis omnibus optimus civis videretur, Cic.: pars (Partei) melior (Ggstz. pars deterior), Liv. – subst., ein Gutgesinnter, ein Patriot, loyaler Bürger, Sing. u. Plur. b. Cic. u.a.: omnes boni, Cic.: boni complures, Sall.: fautor et cultor bo-————norum, Liv.: so auch optimi viri, achtbare Patrioten, Cic.: u. ironisch, etsi propediem video bonorum (Patrioten), id est lautorum et lo upletium (Leuten, die gern gut leben u. volle Beutel haben) urbem refertam fore, Cic. ad Att. 8, 1, 3. – b) sittlich gut = sittsam, keusch, tugendhaft, quid dicas, nullam mulierem bonam esse, Plaut.: femina, Cic.: virgo, coniunx, Catull.: pueri boni malique, Catull. – amor, Catull. – c) gutmütig, uneigennützig, von Hetären, die kein Geld nehmen, expedit bonas esse vobis, Ter.: at bona, quae nec avara fuit, Tibull. – d) gütig = gnädig, gewogen, gefällig, des bonus veniam, Hor.: vos Manes este boni, Verg.: di boni! als Ausruf, Komik, u. Cic. (s. Spengel Ter. Andr. 338): bone deus, Augustin. conf. 2, 6, 12. – hic si, quā modeste munifico esse licet, vellet bonus atque benignus esse, Hor. – m. Dat., vicinis bonus esto, Cato: sis bonus o felixque tuis, Verg. – m. in u. Akk., eo velim uti possem bono in me, Cic. – dah. als Beiname des Jupiter, Iuppiter Optimus Maximus, abgekürzt OM. ( nicht Maximus Optimus, s. Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 64), Cic. u.a. – u. Bona Dea, s. bes. S. 846. – optimus zuw. noch durch Advv. gesteigert, wie: satis opt., Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 26: valde opt., Plin. Val. 3, 3: plane opt., Apul. de dogm. Plat. 2, 19: perquam optimus, Itala psalm. 22, 5 (b. Cypr. ep. 63, 12). – ⇒ vulg. Genet. Sing. Femin. bone, Corp. inscr. Lat. 10, 1231 (a 490 p.————Chr.): arch. Dat. Sing. Femin. bonai, Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 54: arch. Nomin. Plur. bonei, Catull. 61, 232 Schw.: arch. Dat. Plur. boneis, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 1194 u. 10, 600. Plaut. Poen. 1216 cod. Ambr. – Kompar. arch. Akk. meliosem, Varr. LL. 7, 27. Paul. ex Fest. 122, 2 = 87, 25 Thewr. (nach Bugges Vorschlag): Abl. Sing. gew. meliore, doch auch meliori, Act. fr. Arv. aus dem J. 101. I. lin. 73. Corp. inscr. Lat. 8, 1183 (aber Cic. Quinct. 4 Kayser und Müller meliore): arch. Dat. od. Abl. Plur. meliosibus, Paul. ex Fest. 264, 6. – Superl. auch gedehnt opitumus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 1016: opitimus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 2440. – Superl. bonissimus od. melissimus ungebr. nach Varr. LL. 8, 75 u. 76; doch bonissima femina, Corp. inscr. Lat. 5, 342*. – arch. Nbf. duōnus, Paul. ex Fest. 67, 1. Cn. Marc. carm. bei Fest. 165 (a), 30; vgl. Gloss. II, 56, 56 ›duonus, ἀγαθός‹: Genet. Plur. duonoro(m), Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 32.II) subst., bonum, ī, n., Kompar. melius, n., 1) das Gute = die gute Beschaffenheit, der gute Zustand usw., ni vis boni in ipsa inesset forma, Ter.: in bonum vertere, sich zum Guten wenden, zum Guten ausschlagen, Caes.u. Liv.: mutare in deterius aut in melius, Sen.: mutari in melius (von Pers.), Tac.: perniciosa illorum consilia fortuna deflexit in melius, Sen.: pleraque ab saevis adulationibus aliorum in melius flexit, wußte die bessere Seite herauszukehren, Tac.:————reficere in melius et in maius, verbessern u. vergrößern, Plin. ep.: it in melius valetudo principis, es geht besser mit der G. des F., Tac. – 2) wie το ἀγαθόν, bonum, ī, n., u. wie τὰ ἀγαθά, Plur. bona, ōrum, n., das Gut, das Gute, a) übh. jedes phys., geistige u. moralische Gut, Glücksgut, Glück, körperl., geist. u. moral. Vorzug, Talent, Tugend, übh. alles, was gut, recht u. löblich ist (Ggstz. malum), α) Sing.: bonum breve est, Nov. fr.: sapiens et bonum ferre potest modice et malum fortiter aut leviter, Varr. fr.: aut honoribus aucti aut re familiari, aut si aliud quippiam nacti sumus fortuiti boni aut depulimus mali etc., Cic.: forma bonum fragile est, Ov.: summum bonum erae esse putabam hunc Pamphilum, Ter.: bonum tuum concoquas, genieße dein Glück, Petr.: nihil melius homini sit a dis immortalibus datum, kein größeres Gut, Cic. – bonum naturale, angeborenes Talent, Nep. – bonum mentis est virtus, Cic.: bonum tuum auge et exorna, dein Gutes (deine Vorzüge, deine Tugenden), Sen. – ius bonumque, was recht u. gut ist, Sall.: aequum et bonum u. dgl., s. aequus (oben S. 194). – summum bonum, das höchste Gut (im philosoph. Sinne), Cic.: a bono honestoque in pravum abstrahi, Sall.: boni honestique sectator, Dict. – bonum! als Ausruf, etwa »du meine Güte!« Apul. met. 10, 16. – β) Plur.: tria genera bonorum: maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, Cic.: bona malaque————corporis, Suet.: bona animi, Cic., Sen. u.a. (Ggstz. bona corporis et externa, Sall.): bona aut mala, Vorzüge oder Fehler, Sall.: aber bona malaque vestra, euer Wohl und Wehe, Tac.: acer bonorum et vitiorum suorum iudex, Cic.: ingenii multa bona, Sall.: eloquentiae, ingenii studiique bona, Quint.: bona pacis, Tac. – mala fugere, sequi bona, Cic. – dividere bona diversis, Gutes vom Schädlichen trennen, Hor.: omnes omnia bona dicere, sie sagten alles Gute von mir, Ter. Andr. 97: bona omnia optare od. precari alci, lauter Heil u. Segen, Plaud. rud. 639. Liv. 24, 16, 10: meliora praetervolant, deteriora succedunt, Sen. ep. 108, 25. – di melius duint, di meliora velint od. ferant u. dgl., s. deus. – b) Gut, Güter, Vermögen, Reichtum, -tümer, nur im Plur. (vgl. Cic. parad. 1, 7), bona fortunaeque, Cic.: omnium fortunae et bona, Cic.: bona, fortunae, possessiones omnium, Cic.: b. patria, Cic.: b. paterna et avita, Cic.: bona aliena, Cic.: bona privata, Cic.: bona caduca, Stat.: bonorum omnium heres, Universalerbe, Liv.: divisa inter creditores bona, Tac.: haec Heraclii bona verbo redigere (einziehen), re dissipare, Cic.: alqm patriis bonis evertere od. exturbare, Cic.: ea bona huic Heraclio utenda ac possidenda tradere, Cic. – dah. esse in bonis, im Besitz der Güter (einer Erbschaft) sein, Cic. ep. 13, 30, 1 (dagegen Cic. Tusc. 5, 28: qui sint in bonis, nullo adiuncto malo, d.i. die im Besitze u.————Genusse von [phys.- u. moral.] Gütern aller Art sind): u. in dieser Bedtg. habere in bonis, ICt.: dagegen esse in bonis alcis, im Besitze jmds. sein, jmdm. angehören, ICt. – c) bonum, das Gute = der Nutzen, Vorteil, die Belohnung u. dgl., nullā boni spe, ohne sich etwas Gutes zu versehen, Tac.: quis enim ullam ullius boni spem haberet in eo? sollte sich von ihm etw. G. versehen? Cic.: quid mihi sit boni (was sollte es mir helfen), si mentiar, Plaut.: cui bono fuisset, wenn es zum Nutzen gereicht hätte, zugute gekommen wäre, Cic.: quibus occidi patrem bono fuit, Cic. – bonum publicum, der Staatsvorteil, das Staatswohl, das allgemeine Beste (Ggstz. malum publicum), hoc ita si fiat, publico fiat bono, Plaut.: bene gerere rem bono publico, Plaut.: bonum publicum simulantes, Sall.: ne ira obstaret bono publico, Liv.: privato usui bonum publicum postponitur, Tac. – so auch commune bonum, das gemeine Wohl (Beste), non desinemus communi bono operam dare, Sen. de otio 1 (28), 4. -
18 sum
1.sum, fui, esse (2d pers. es, but usu. es in Plaut and Ter; old forms, indic. pres. esum for sum, acc. to Varr. L. L. 9, § 100 Mull.: essis for es, Att. ap. Non. 200, 30, or Trag. Rel. p. 283 Rib.: simus for sumus, used by Augustus, acc. to Suet. Aug. 87; fut. escit for erit, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 25:I.esit, XII. Tab. ap. Fest. s. v. nec, p. 162 Mull.: escunt for erunt,
Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 60, 3, 3, 9; Lucr. 1, 619; perf. fuvimus for fuimus, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 42, 168:FVVEIT, C. I. L. 1, 1051: fuit,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 23; id. Mil. 3, 1, 159:fuerim,
id. ib. 4, 8, 54:fuerit,
id. As. 4, 1, 37; subj. pres. siem, sies, siet, etc., very freq., esp. in Plaut.; e. g. siem, Am. prol. 57; Ter. And. 3, 4, 7:sies,
Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 43; Ter. And. 2, 5, 13:siet,
Plaut. Am. prol. 58; Ter. And. 1, 4, 7; Lucr. 3, 101:sient,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 54; Ter. And. 2, 3, 16; cf. Cic. Or. 47, 157; also,fuam, fuas, etc., regarded by G. Curtius, de Aorist. Lat. Rel. in Studien zur Gr. u. Lat. Gram. 1, 431 sqq., as an aorist: fuam,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 48; id. Mil. 2, 6, 112: fuas, Liv. Andron. ap. Non 111, 13; Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 71; 2, 3, 83; id. Pers. 1, 1, 52; id. Trin. 2, 1, 32: fuat, Pac. ap. Non. 111, 8; Carm. ap. Liv. 25, 12; Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 2; id. Aul. 2, 2, 56; id. Capt. 2, 2, 10 et saep.; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 4; Lucr. 4, 639; Verg. A. 10, 108:fuant,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 110; id. Ep. 5, 1, 13; id. Ps. 4, 3, 12: fuvisset, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4; part. pres. ens, used by Caesar, acc. to Prisc. p. 1140 P.; and by Sergius Flavius, acc. to Quint. 8, 3, 33; fut. inf. fore for futurum esse, very freq., and so always with partt.; cf. Madv. Gram. § 108; whence, subj. imperf. forem fores, etc., for essem; esp. in conditional sentences and in the histt., but very rare in Cic.; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 597 sqq.), v. n. [root es; Sanscr. as-mi, and the Greek es-mi, whence eimi; perf. fui; root in Sanscr. bhu, to become; bhavas, condition; Gr. phuô, to beget; cf.: fetus, futuo, etc.], to be, as a verb substantive or a copula.As a verb substantive, to be.A.In gen.1.Asserting existence, to be, exist, live:2.definitionum duo sunt genera prima: unum earum rerum quae sunt: alterum earum quae intelleguntur. Esse ea dico, quae cerni tangive possunt, ut fundum, aedes, parietem, cetera. Non esse rursus ea dico, quae tangi demonstrarive non possunt, cerni tamen animo atque intellegi possunt, ut si usucapionem, si tutelam, etc.... definias,
Cic. Top. 5, 26 sq.:si abest, nullus est,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 16:nunc illut est, quom me fuisse quam esse nimio mavelim,
id. Capt. 3, 3, 1:ita paene nulla sibi fuit Phronesium ( = paene mortuus est),
id. Truc. 1, 2, 95:omne quod eloquimur sic, ut id aut esse dicamus aut non esse,
Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 157:non statim, quod esse manifestum est, etiam quid sit apparet,
Quint. 3, 6, 81: est locus, Hesperiam quam mortales perhibebant, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 23 Vahl.):flumen est Arar, quod, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 12:homo nequissimus omnium qui sunt, qui fuerunt, qui futuri sunt!
Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 1; cf. id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43:si quos inter societas aut est aut fuit aut futura est,
id. Lael. 22, 83:nec enim, dum ero, angar ulla re, cum omni vacem culpa: et, si non ero, sensu omnino carebo,
id. Fam. 6, 3, 4:si modo futuri sumus, erit mihi res opportuna,
id. Att. 11, 4, 1:si quando erit civitas, erit profecto nobis locus: sin autem non erit, etc.,
id. Fam. 2, 16, 6:nolite arbitrari, me cum a vobis discessero, nusquam aut nullum fore,
id. Sen. 22, 79:si erit ulla res publica... sin autem nulla erit,
id. Fam. 2, 16, 5:fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium,
Verg. A. 2, 325:sive erimus seu nos fata fuisse volunt,
Tib. 3, 5, 32: per quinquennia decem fuimus, Prud. Cath. praef. 2.—Of events, to be, happen, occur, befall, take place:3.illa (solis defectio) quae fuit regnante Romulo,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:neque enim est periculum, ne, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 23, 37:amabo, quid tibi est?
Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 24:quid se futurum esset,
Liv. 33, 27. —Of location, to be present, to be at a place.(α).With adv., or other expressions of place:(β).cum non liceret quemquam Romae esse, qui, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 41, § 100:cum Athenis decem ipsos dies fuissem,
id. Fam. 2, 8, 3; id. de Or. 2, 7, 27:cum Africanus constituisset in hortis esse,
id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:cum essemus in castris,
id. ib. 1, 15:nonne mavis sine periculo tuae domi esse quam cum periculo alienae?
id. Fam. 4, 7, 4:vos istic commodissime sperem esse,
id. ib. 14, 7, 2: te hic tutissime puto fore, Pompon. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 11, A.—Of passages in a book or writing, with in and abl., to be, stand, be written, etc.:(γ).deinceps in lege est, ut, etc.,
Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:quid enim in illis (litteris) fuit praeter querelam temporum,
id. Fam. 2, 16, 1.—Of personal relations, with ad or apud and acc., or cum and abl. of person:4.cum esset (Sulpicius Gallus) casu apud M. Marcellum,
Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 21:eram cum Stoico Diodoto: qui cum habitavisset apud me mecumque vixisset, etc.,
id. Brut. 90, 309:erat nemo, quicum essem libentius quam tecum et pauci, quibuscum essem aeque libenter,
id. Fam. 5, 21, 1:qui me admodum diligunt multumque mecum sunt,
id. ib. 4, 13, 6; cf. with simul:Smyrnae cum simul essemus complures dies,
id. Rep. 1, 8, 13.—Hence, esp.: esse cum aliquo (aliqua), to be with, i. e. live with, associate with, as husband or wife:cujus soror est cum P. Quintio,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77:ea nocte mecum illa hospitis jussu fuit,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 101; Ov. A. A. 3, 664:cum hac (meretrice) si qui adulescens forte fuerit,
Cic. Cael. 20, 49; Ov. Am. 2, 8, 27: tum ad me fuerunt, qui, etc., Varr. ap. Non. 133, 28:Curio fuit ad me sane diu,
Cic. Att. 10, 4, 8:cum ad me bene mane Dionysius fuit,
id. ib. 10, 16, 1; cf.:esse sub uno tecto atque ad eosdem Penates,
Liv. 28, 18.—Of relations analogous to place, of dress, condition, position, office, etc., to be, live, be found, etc., with in and abl.:5.cum est in sagis civitas,
Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 32:in laxa toga,
Tib. 2, 3, 78: sive erit in Tyriis, Tyrios laudabis amictus;Sive erit in Cois, Coa decere puta,
Ov. A. A. 2, 297: hominem non modo in aere alieno nullo, sed in suis nummis multis esse et semper fuisse, Cic. Verr [p. 1798] 2, 4, 6, §11: in servitute,
id. Clu. 7, 21:in illa opinione populari,
id. ib. 51, 142:in magno nomine et gloria,
id. Div. 1, 17, 31:in spe,
id. Fam. 14, 3, 2:in tanta moestitia,
id. Phil. 2, 15, 37:in odio,
id. Att. 2, 22, 1:in probris, in laudibus,
id. Off. 1, 18, 61:in officio,
id. ib. 1, 15, 49:in injustitia,
id. ib. 1, 14, 42:in vitio,
id. ib. 1, 19, 62; id. Tusc. 3, 9, 19:ne in mora quom opus sit, sies,
Ter. And. 2, 5, 13:ne in mora illi sis,
id. ib. 3, 1, 9:hic in noxia'st,
id. Phorm. 2, 1, 36:quae (civitas) una in amore atque in deliciis fuit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 3:in ingenti periculo,
Liv. 5, 47:in pace,
id. 31, 29.—So with abl. without in, when qualified by an adj.:(statua) est et fuit tota Graecia summo propter ingenium honore et nomine,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 87:si quis asperitate ea est et inmanitate naturae,
id. Lael. 23, 87:ne quo periculo proprio existimares esse,
id. Fam. 4, 15, 2 (B. and K. ex conj.:in periculo): ego sum spe bona,
id. ib. 12, 28, 3:res nunc difficili loco mihi videtur esse,
id. ib. 12, 28, 3:incredibili sum sollicitudine de tua valetudine,
id. ib. 16, 15, 1; esp. in phrase periculo alicujus esse, to be at the risk of any one:rem illam suo periculo esse,
id. Att. 6, 1, 6:ut quae in naves inposuissent, ab hostium tempestatisque vi publico periculo essent,
Liv. 23, 49, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:dare nummos meo periculo,
Dig. 46, 1, 24:communi periculo,
ib. 13, 6, 21, § 1 (cf. II. B. 1. b. infra).—To depend upon, rest with, with in and abl.:B.res erat non in opinione dubia,
Cic. Dom. 5, 11:sed totum est in eo, si, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 22, 5:omnem reliquam spem in impetu esse equitum,
Liv. 10, 14, 12:quoniam totum in eo sit, ne contrectentur pocula,
Col. 12, 4, 3. —In partic.1.Esse (est, sunt, etc.) often stands without a subject expressed, or with an indef. subj., as antecedent of a rel.-clause, whose verb may be in the indic. or subj.; the former only when the subject is conceived as particular or limited, and actually existing; the latter always when it is conceived as indefinite; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 562 sq.; Roby, Gram. § 1686 sq.; Madv. Gram. § 365; but the distinctions usually drawn by grammarians are not always observed by the best writers; and the subjunctive is always admissible, being the prevailing construction after sunt qui in class. prose, and nearly universal in postAug. writers: sunt, qui (quae), there are those ( people or things) who ( that), or simply some.a.With indic.(α).Without subject expressed:(β).mulier mane: sunt Qui volunt te conventam,
Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 37:sunt hic quos credo inter se dicere,
id. Cas. prol. 67:sunt quae te volumus percontari,
id. Ps. 1, 5, 47:quid est, quod tu gestas tabellas?
id. ib. 1, 1, 10:quid est, quod tu me nunc optuere?
id. Most. 1, 1, 69; cf.:quid hoc est, quod foris concrepuit?
id. ib. 5, 1, 15:tun' is es, Qui in me aerumnam obsevisti?
id. Ep. 4, 1, 34:quid est, quod tuo animo aegre est?
id. Cas. 2, 2, 9; id. Cist. 4, 1, 3:at ego est quod volo loqui,
id. As. 1, 3, 79:est quod te volo secreto,
id. Bacch. 5, 2, 30:sunt quos scio amicos esse, sunt quos suspicor,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 54:ita subitum'st, quod eum conventum volo,
id. ib. 5, 2, 51:sunt quae ego ex te scitari volo,
id. Capt. 2, 2, 13:sed est quod suscenset tibi,
Ter. And. 2, 6, 17:est quod me transire oportet,
id. Hec. 2, 2, 31:quid sit quapropter te jussi, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 1, 7:sunt item quae appellantur alces,
Caes. B. G. 6, 27 init.:(nationes) ex quibus sunt qui ovis vivere existimantur,
id. ib. 4, 10 fin.:sunt qui putant posse te non decedere,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 25:sunt autem, qui putant non numquam complexione oportere supersederi,
id. Inv. 1, 40, 72:quamquam sunt, qui propter utilitatem modo petendas putant amicitias,
id. ib. 2, 55, 167:sunt autem quae praeterii,
id. Att. 10, 4, 11:sunt, qui abducunt a malis ad bona, ut Epicurus. Sunt, qui satis putant ostendere, nihil inopinati accidisse... Sunt etiam qui haec omnia genera consolandi colligunt,
id. Tusc. 3, 31, 76 Kuhn. N. cr.:sunt, qui, quod sentiunt, non audent dicere,
id. Off. 1, 24, 84:Argiletum sunt qui scripserunt ab Argola, etc.,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 157 Mull.:sunt qui ita dicunt,
Sall. C. 19, 4:sunt qui spiritum non recipiunt sed resorbent,
Quint. 11, 3, 55:sunt, quos curriculo pulverem Olympicum Collegisse juvat,
Hor. C. 1, 1, 3; cf. id. S. 1, 4, 24: sunt quibus unum opus est, etc., id. C. 1, 7, 5:sunt quibus in satira videor nimis acer,
id. S. 2, 1, 1:sunt quorum ingenium nova tantum crustula promit,
id. ib. 2, 4, 47.—With a subject expressed by an indefinite word or clause:b.sunt alii qui te volturium vocant,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 64:est genus hominum qui se primos omnium esse volunt,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:multae sunt causae, quam ob rem cupio abducere,
id. ib. 1, 2, 65 Fleck. (Ussing, cupiam):erat quidam eunuchus, quem mercatus fuerat,
id. ib. 3, 5, 21:multaeque res sunt in quibus de suis commodis viri boni multa detrahunt,
Cic. Lael. 16, 57:sunt ejus aliquot orationes, ex quibus lenitas ejus perspici potest,
id. Brut. 48, 177:fuerunt alia genera philosophorum, qui se omnes Socraticos esse dicebant,
id. de Or. 3, 17, 62:nonnulli sunt, qui aluerunt, etc.,
id. Cat. 1, 12, 301:sunt quidam, qui molestas amicitias faciunt, cum ipsi se contemni putant,
id. Lael. 20, 72:sunt vestrum, judices, aliquam multi, qui L. Pisonem cognoverunt,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56:multae et pecudes et stirpes sunt, quae sine procuratione hominum salvae esse non possunt,
id. N. D. 2, 52, 130:sunt bestiae quaedam, in quibus inest aliquid simile virtutis, etc.,
id. Fin. 5, 14, 38:permulta sunt, quae dici possunt, quare intellegatur, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 33, 94; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 7, 22; id. Off. 1, 14, 43; 1, 20, 69; id. Div. 1, 54, 123:fuere complures, qui ad Catilinam initio profecti sunt,
Sall. C. 39, 5: haec sunt, quae clamores et admirationes in bonis oratoribus efficiunt. Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 152:alia fuere, quae illos magnos fecere,
Sall. C. 52, 21.—With. subj.: sunt, qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem;(β).sunt qui nullum censeant fieri discessum,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:sunt qui in rebus contrariis parum sibi constent,
id. Off. 1, 21, 71:de impudentia singulari sunt qui mirentur,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6:est eisdem de rebus quod dici potest subtilius,
id. Tusc. 3, 15, 32:praesto est qui neget rem ullam percipi esse sensibus,
id. Ac. 2, 32, 101:quicquid est quod deceat, id, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 27, 94:sunt qui nolint tetigisse nisi illas, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 28:sunt qui Crustis et pomis viduas venentur avaras,
id. Ep. 1, 1, 78:vestes Gaetulo murice tinctas Sunt qui non habeant, est qui non curet habere,
id. ib. 2, 2, 182 et saep.—With a more or less indefinite expression of the subject:* c.sunt quidam e nostris, qui haec subtilius velint tradere et negent satis esse, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 31:rarum est quoddam genus eorum, qui se a corpore avocent,
id. Div. 1, 49, 111:quotus igitur est quisque qui somniis pareat?
id. ib. 2, 60, 125; id. de Or. 2, 50, 196:solus est hic, qui numquam rationes ad aerarium referat,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 38, § 98:quae quibusdam admirabilia videntur, permulti sunt, qui pro nihilo putent,
id. Lael. 23, 86:erat nemo in quem ea suspicio conveniret,
id. Rosc. Am. 23, 65, cf.:quis enim miles fuit, qui Brundisii illam non viderit? quis, qui nescierit, etc.,
id. Phil. 2, 25, 61:sit aliquis, qui nihil mali habeat,
id. Tusc. 1, 35, 85:sunt nonnullae disciplinae, quae officium omne pervertant,
id. Off. 1, 2, 5:est quaedam animi sanitas quae in insipientem quoque cadat,
id. Tusc. 4, 13, 30:Syracusis lex est de religione, quae jubeat,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 126:unus est qui curet constantia magis quam consilio,
id. Att. 1, 18, 7:si est una ex omnibus quae sese moveat,
id. Rep. 6, 26, 28:multi sunt, qui non acerbum judicent vivere, sed supervacuum,
Sen. Ep. 24, 26:erant sententiae quae castra Vari oppugnanda censerent,
Caes. B. C. 2, 30:fuere cives qui seque remque publicam obstinatis animis perditum irent,
Sall. C. 36, 4:sunt verba et voces, quibus hunc lenire dolorem Possis,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 34:sunt delicta tamen, quibus ignovisse velimus,
id. A. P. 347.—Poet.: est, quibus (acc. to the Gr. estin hois):2.est quibus Eleae concurrit palma quadrigae: est quibus in celeres gloria nata pedes,
Prop. 3, 9 (4, 8), 17.—With dat., to belong or pertain to; or, rendering the dative as the subject of the verb, to have ( possess, = the Fr. etre a used of property, and of permanent conditions or characteristics, not of temporary states, feelings, etc.; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 417 sq.): aliquid reperiret, fingeret fallacias, Unde esset adulescenti, amicae quod daret, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 23:b.nomen Mercurio'st mihi, Plaut Am. prol. 19: nisi jam tum esset honos elo quentiae,
Cic. Brut. 10, 40:est igitur homini cum deo similitudo,
id. Leg. 1, 8, 25:familiaritas, quae mihi cum eo est,
id. Att. 8. 3, 2:privatus illis census erat brevis,
Hor. C. 2, 15, 13; cf.:Trojae et huic loco nomen est,
Liv. 1, 1, 5:Hecyra est huic nomen fabulae,
Ter. Hec. prol. 1:cui saltationi Titius nomen esset,
Cic. Brut. 62, 225:cui (fonti) nomen Arethusa est,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 118:Scipio, cui post Africano fuit cognomen,
Liv. 25, 2, 6.—With ellips. of dat. ( poet.):nec rubor est emisse palam (sc. ei),
nor is she ashamed, Ov. A. A. 3, 167:neque testimonii dictio est (sc. servo),
has no right to be a witness, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 63.—Esse alicui cum aliquo, to have to do with, to be connected with a person:3.tecum nihil rei nobis, Demipho, est,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 74:sibi cum illa mima posthac nihil futurum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 31, 77:jussit bona proscribi ejus, quicum familiaritas fuerat, societas erat,
id. Quint. 6, 25:si mihi tecum minus esset, quam est cum tuis omnibus,
id. Fam. 15, 10, 2.—Esse with certain prepp. and their cases (cf. also I. A. 2. 3. 4. supra).(α).Esse ab aliquo, to be of a person, to be the servant, disciple, adherent, partisan, etc., of:(β).es ne tu an non es ab illo milite e Macedonia?
do you belong to? Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 21:ab Andria est ancilla haec,
Ter. And. 3, 1, 3; 4, 4, 17:erat enim ab isto Aristotele,
Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 160:sed vide ne hoc, Scaevola, totum sit a me,
makes for me, id. de Or 1, 13, 55 (cf. ab, I. B. 3., II. B. 2. o.). —Esse pro aliquo, to be in favor of, make for:(γ).(judicia) partim nihil contra Habitum valere, partim etiam pro hoc esse,
Cic. Clu. 32, 88.—Esse ex aliqua re, to consist of, be made up of:4.(creticus) qui est ex longa et brevi et longa,
Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183; cf.:duo extremi chorei sunt, id est, e singulis longis et brevibus,
id. Or. 63, 212:etsi temeritas ex tribus brevibus et longa est,
id. ib. 63, 214; 64, 215 (v. also 6. infra). —Euphem., in perf. tempp., of one who has died or a thing that has perished, to be no more, to be gone, departed, dead ( poet.):5.horresco misera, mentio quoties fit partionis: Ita paene tibi fuit Phronesium,
i. e. had almost died, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 92:nunc illud est, cum me fuisse quam esse nimio mavelim,
id. Capt. 3, 3, 1:sive erimus, seu nos fata fuisse velint,
Tib. 3, 5, 32:fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium et ingens Gloria Teucrorum,
Verg. A. 2, 325:certus in hospitibus non est amor: errat ut ipsi, Cumque nihil speres firmius esse, fuit,
Ov. H. 16, (17), 192.—Pregn., to be real or a fact, to be the case; so esp.: est, esto, it is even so, be it so, such is or let such be the case, granted, well, etc.:b.quid tibi vis dicam, nisi quod est?
Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 17:sunt ista, Laeli,
Cic. Lael. 2, 6:ista esse credere,
id. Tusc. 1, 6, 10: est vero, inquit, Africane, id. Fragm. ap. Lact. 1, 18:est ut dicis, inquam,
id. Fin. 3, 5, 19:sit quidem ut sex milia seminum intereant,
Col. 3, 3, 13:esto: ipse nihil est, nihil potest,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 47; cf.:verum esto,
id. Fin. 2, 23, 75:esto,
Verg. A. 7, 313; 10, 67; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 81; 1, 17, 37 al.—Hence,The connections est ut, ubi, cum, quod, or with a subject-clause, it happens or chances that, it is the case that, there is cause or reason why, there is a time when, it is allowed or permissible that, one may, etc.(α).Est ut, it is the case or fact, that, etc.:(β).sin est, ut velis Manere illam apud te, dos hic maneat,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 7 (8), 32:si est, ut dicat velle se, Redde,
id. Hec. 4, 1, 43:si est, culpam ut Antipho in se admiserit,
id. Phorm. 2, 1, 40:est, ut id maxime deceat,
Cic. Or. 59, 199:quando fuit, ut, quod licet, non liceret?
id. Cael. 20, 48:non est igitur, ut mirandum sit, ea praesentiri, etc.,
id. Div 1, 56, 128:non erat, ut fieri posset, mirarier umquam,
Lucr. 5, 979:futurum esse ut omnes pellerentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:non est, ut copia major Ab Jove donari possit tibi,
Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 2:est ut viro vir latius ordinet Arbusta sulcis,
id. C. 3, 1, 9; Dig. 38, 7, 2.—Cf. esse after a neg., with quin:numquam est enim, quin aliquid memoriae tradere velimus,
Auct. Her. 3, 24, 40.—Also, est ut, there is reason, that, etc.:magis est ut ipse moleste ferat errasse se, quam ut, etc.,
Cic. Cael. 6, 14 fin.: ille erat ut odisset primum defensorem salutis meae, he had good reason for hating [p. 1799] id. Mil. 13, 35; cf.:quid erat cur Milo optaret,
id. ib. 13, 34:neque est ut putemus ignorari ea ab animalibus,
Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 3. —Est ubi, sometime or another, sometimes:(γ).erit, ubi te ulciscar, si vivo,
Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 26:est, ubi id isto modo valeat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 8, 23.—Est cum, sometimes:(δ).est cum non est satius, si, etc.,
Auct. Her. 4, 26, 36.—Est quod, there is reason to, I have occasion:(ε).est quod visam domum,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 26:etsi magis est, quod gratuler tibi quam quod te rogem,
I have more reason to, Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2:est quod referam ad consilium: sin, etc.,
Liv. 30, 31, 9:quod timeas non est,
Ov. H. 19, 159:nil est illic quod moremur diutius,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 6:non est quod multa loquamur,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 30.—Cf. with cur:non est cur eorum spes infragatur,
Cic. Or. 2, 6:nihil est cur,
id. Fam. 6, 20, 1.—Est, sit, etc., with infin. in Gr. constr., it is possible, is allowed, permitted, one may, etc. (mostly poet. and post-class.):(ζ).est quadam prodire tenus, si non datur ultra,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 32:Cato, R. R. prooem. § 1: scire est liberum Ingenium atque animum,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 42:nec non et Tityon terrae omniparentis alumnum Cernere erat,
Verg. A. 6, 596; 8, 676; Sil. 2, 413:neque est te fallere quicquam,
Verg. G. 4, 447:unde Plus haurire est,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 79:est Gaudia prodentem vultum celare,
id. ib. 2, 5, 103:quod versu dicere non est,
id. ib. 1, 5, 87:quod tangere non est,
Ov. M. 3, 478:quae verbo objecta, verbo negare sit,
Liv. 42, 41, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:ut conjectare erat intentione vultus,
Tac. A. 16, 34:est videre argentea vasa,
id. G. 5; Val. Max. 2, 6, 8; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 227.— With dat.:ne tibi sit frigida saxa adire,
Prop. 1, 20, 13; Tib. 1, 6, 24 (32):tu procul a patria (nec sit mihi credere tantum!) Alpinas nives Me sine vides,
Verg. E. 10, 46:fuerit mihi eguisse aliquando amicitiae tuae,
Sall. J. 110, 3; Dig. 46, 3, 72, § 4.—In eo ease ut, etc., to be in a condition to reach the point that, to be possible, etc., to be about to, on the point of, etc. ( impers. or with res, etc., as subj.):6.cum jam in eo esset, ut in muros evaderet miles,
Liv. 2, 17, 5:si viderent in eo jam esse ut urbs caperetur,
id. 28, 22, 8:jamque in eo rem fore, ut Romani aut hostes aut domini habendi sint,
id. 8, 27, 3:cum res non in eo essent ut, etc.,
id. 33, 41, 9:non in eo esse Carthaginiensium res, ut, etc.,
id. 30, 19, 3; 34, 41. —With person. subj. (late Lat.):cum ab Ulixe adducta Iphigenia in eo esset, ut immolaretur,
Hyg. Fab. 261. —Like the Engl. to be, for to come, fall, reach, to have arrived, etc. (hence also with in and acc.):7. II.ecquid in mentem est tibi, Patrem tibi esse?
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 54:nam numero mi in mentem fuit,
id. Am. 1, 1, 26:ex eo tempore res esse in vadimonium coepit,
Cic. Quint. 5, 22:portus in praedonum fuisse potestatem sciatis,
id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33:ut certior fieret, quo die in Tusculanum essem futurus,
id. Att. 15, 4, 2:qui neque in provinciam cum imperio fuerunt,
id. Fam. 8, 8, 8:quae ne in potestatem quidem populi Romani esset,
Liv. 2, 14, 4:nec prius militibus in conspectum fuisse,
Suet. Aug. 16:esse in amicitiam populi Romani dicionemque,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 20, 66; cf.:in eorum potestatem portum futurum,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 98; v. Gell. 1, 7, 16 sq.; Zumpt, Gram. § 316.—As a copula, to be any thing or in any manner.A.In gen.1.With an adj., subst., or pron.:2.et praeclara res est et sumus otiosi,
Cic. Lael. 5, 17:quod in homine multo est evidentius,
id. ib. 8, 27:sperare videor Scipionis et Laelii amicitiam notam posteritati fore,
id. ib. 4, 15:non sum ita hebes, ut istud dicam,
id. Tusc. 1, 6, 12:cum, ignorante rege, uter esset Orestes, Pylades Orestem se esse diceret, Orestes autem ita ut erat, Orestem se esse perseveraret,
id. Lael. 7, 24:consul autem esse qui potui? etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 6, 10:nos numerus sumus et fruges consumere nati,
are a mere number, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 27:pars non minima triumphi est victimae praecedentes,
Liv. 45, 49:nobile erit Romae pascua vestra forum,
Prop. 4 (5), 9, 20:sanguis erant lacrimae,
Luc. 9, 811:ego tu sum, tu es ego: unanimi sumus,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 49:tuos sum,
id. Bacch. 1, 1, 60: domus non ea est, quam parietes nostri cingunt, Cic. Rep. 1, 13, 19:is enim fueram, cui, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 4, 7.—Less freq. with adv. (esp. in colloq. language): Am. Satin' tu sanus es? Sos. Sic sum ut vides, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 57:B.sic, inquit, est,
Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:est, inquit, ut dicis,
id. ib. 1, 40, 63:quod ita cum sit,
id. ib. 1, 45, 69:quia sunt haud procul ab hujus aetatis memoria,
id. ib. 1, 1, 1 B. and K.:nec vero habere virtutem satis est,
id. ib. 1, 2, 2: frustra id inceptum Volscis fuit. Liv. 2, 25:dato qui bene sit: ego, ubi bene sit, tibi locum lepidum dabo,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 51:apud matrem recte est,
Cic. Att. 1, 7:cum in convivio comiter et jucunde fuisses,
id. Deiot. 7, 19:omnes hanc quaestionem haud remissius sperant futuram,
id. Rosc. Am. 5, 11:dicta impune erant,
Tac. A. 1, 72.—Esp.: facile alicubi (in aliqua re) esse, with pleasure, glad to be:quod in maritimis facillime sum,
Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 2:locum habeo nullum ubi facilius esse possum,
id. Att. 13, 26, 2 (on esse with an adverb, v. Haase ap. Reisig, Vorles. p. 394; cf. also bene under bonus fin.).—In partic.1.With gen. part., to be of, belong to a class, party, etc.:2.in republica ita est versatus, ut semper optimarum partium et esset et existimaretur,
Nep. Att. 6, 1:qui ejusdem civitatis fuit,
id. Them. 9, 1:qui Romanae partis erant, urbe excesserunt,
Liv. 35, 51, 7: ut aut amicorum aut inimicorum Campani simus;si defenditis, vestri, si deseritis, Samnitium erimus,
id. 7, 30, 9 sq. —With gen. or abl. denoting quality.(α).With gen.:(β).nimium me timidum, nullius animi, nullius consilii fuisse confiteor,
Cic. Sest. 16, 36:disputatio non mediocris contentionis est,
id. de Or. 1, 60, 257:magni judicii, summae etiam facultatis esse debebit,
id. Or. 21, 70:(virtus) nec tantarum virium est, ut se ipsa tueatur,
id. Tusc. 5, 1, 2; id. Fin. 5, 12, 36:Sulla gentis patriciae nobilis fuit,
Sall. J. 95, 3:summi ut sint laboris,
Caes. B. G. 4, 2:civitas magnae auctoritatis,
id. ib. 5, 54:refer, Cujus fortunae (sit),
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 54:se nullius momenti apud exercitum futurum,
Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:qui ejusdem aetatis fuit,
id. ib. 11, 1:invicti ad laborem corporis erat,
Liv. 9, 16:nec magni certaminis ea dimicatio fuit,
id. 21, 60:somni brevissimi erat,
Suet. Claud. 33.—So of extent, number, etc.:classis centum navium,
Nep. Them. 2, 2; 2, 5:annus trecentarum sexaginta quinque dierum,
Suet. Caes. 40.—With abl.:3.bono animo es,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4:jam aetate ea sum, ut, etc.,
id. Hec. 5, 1, 11:bellum varia victoria fuit,
Sall. J. 5, 1:L. Catilina nobili genere natus fuit magna vi et animi et corporis, set ingenio malo,
id. C. 5, 1:Sulla animo ingenti,
id. J. 95, 3:esse magna gratia,
Caes. B. G. 1, 8:tenuissima valetudine esse,
id. ib. 5, 40:si fuerit is injustus, timidus, hebeti ingenio atque nullo,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:mira sum alacritate ad litigandum,
id. Att. 2, 7, 2:bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,
id. Fam. 6, 18, 1:ut bono essent animo,
id. Rep. 1, 17, 29:ut uxores eodem jure sint quo viri,
id. ib. 1, 43, 67:qui capite et superciliis semper est rasis,
id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:abi, quaere, unde domo quis, Cujus fortunae, quo sit patre quove patrono,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 54 (cf. I. A. 4. supra). —With gen. or abl. of price or value.(α).With gen.:(β). 4.pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:videtur esse quantivis pretii,
Ter. And. 5, 2, 15:a me argentum, quanti (servus) est, sumito,
id. Ad. 5, 9, 20:si ullo in loco frumentum tanti fuit, quanti iste aestimavit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 194:ager nunc multo pluris est, quam tunc fuit,
id. Rosc. Com. 12, 33:ut quisque, quod plurimi sit, possideat, ita, etc.,
id. Par. 6, 2, 48:magni erunt mihi tuae litterae,
id. Fam. 15, 15, 4:parvi sunt foris arma, nisi, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 22, 76:an emat denario quod sit mille denarium,
id. ib. 3, 23, 92:parvi pretii est quod nihili est,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 4:mea mihi conscientia pluris est quam omnium sermo,
is worth more to me, weighs more with me, id. Att. 12, 28, 2:neque pluris pretii cocum quam vilicum habeo,
Sall. J. 85, 39:erat (agellus) centum milium nummum,
Plin. Ep. 6, 3, 1. —With gen. of possession, etc., it belongs, pertains to; or it is the part, property, nature, mark, sign, custom, or duty of, etc.(α).In gen.:(β).audiant eos, quorum summa est auctoritas apud, etc.,
who possess, Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:ea ut civitatis Rhodiorum essent,
Liv. 37, 55, 5:teneamus eum cursum, qui semper fuit optimi cujusque,
Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3:quamobrem neque sapientis esse accipere habenas,
id. ib. 1, 5, 9; id. de Or. 2, 20, 86:sapientis est consilium explicare suum, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 81, 333:temeritas est florentis aetatis, prudentia senescentis,
id. Sen. 6, 20:est adulescentis majores natu vereri,
id. Off. 1, 34, 122:Aemilius, cujus tum fasces erant,
Liv. 8, 12, 13:tota tribuniciae potestatis erat,
id. 3, 48:alterius morientis prope totus exercitus fuit,
id. 22, 50:jam me Pompeii totum esse scis,
Cic. Fam. 2, 13, 2:hominum, non causarum, toti erant,
Liv. 3, 36:plebs novarum, ut solet, rerum atque Hannibalis tota esse,
were devoted to, favored, id. 23, 14:Dolopes numquam Aetolorum fuerant: Philippi erant,
id. 38, 3:Ptolemaeus propter aetatem alieni arbitrii erat,
id. 42, 29:est miserorum ut malevolentes sint,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 51:quod alterum divinitatis mihi cujusdam videtur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86:negavit moris esse Graecorum, ut, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:non est gravitatis ac sapientiae tuae, ferre immoderatius casum incommodorum tuorum,
id. Fam. 5, 16, 5:est hoc Gallicae consuetudinis, uti, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 4, 5.—Rarely with pronom. posses.:est tuum, Cato, videre quid agatur,
Cic. Mur. 38, 83:fuit meum quidem jam pridem rem publicam lugere,
id. Att. 12, 28, 2.—Esp., with gerundive, to denote tendency, effect, etc.:5.quae res evertendae rei publicae solerent esse,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 132:regium inperium, quod initio conservandae libertatis fuerat,
Sall. C. 6, 7:qui utilia ferrent, quaeque aequandae libertatis essent,
Liv. 3, 31, 7:ea prodendi imperii Romani, tradendae Hannibali victoriae esse,
id. 27, 9, 12:nihil tam aequandae libertatis esse quam potentissimum quemque posse dicere causam,
id. 38, 51, 8:frustrationem eam legis tollendae esse,
id. 3, 24, 1 Weissenb. ad loc.; 3, 39, 8; 5, 3, 5; 40, 29, 11.—With dat. of the end, object, purpose, etc.:6.vitam hanc rusticam tu probro et crimini putas esse oportere,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 17, 48:etiam quae esui potuique non sunt, contineri legato,
Dig. 33, 9, 3; Gell. 4, 1, 20:ut divites conferrent, qui essent oneri ferendo,
Liv. 2, 9:magis vis morbi curae esset, maxime quod, etc.,
id. 4, 21, 5:cum solvendo aere (i. e. aeri) alieno res publica non esset,
id. 31, 13:iniciuntur ea, quae umori extrahendo sunt,
Cels. 4, 10 fin. — Esp. in phrase solvendo esse, to be solvent, able to pay:tu nec solvendo eras,
Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 4:cum solvendo civitates non essent,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2 (v. solvo).—With predicative dat. sing., denoting that which the subject is, becomes, appears to be, etc.(α).Without second dat. of pers.:(β).auxilio is fuit,
Plaut. Am. prol. 94:magis curae'st,
id. Bacch. 4, 10, 3; id. Curc. 4, 2, 15; id. As. 1, 3, 23; id. Capt. 5, 2, 13 sq.:cui bono fuerit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:eo natus sum ut Jugurthae scelerum ostentui essem,
Sall. J. 24, 10: cupis me esse nequam;tamen ero frugi bonae,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 51:magnoque esse argumento, homines scire pleraque antequam nati sint, quod, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 21, 78:multi Indicioque sui facti persaepe fuere, Lucr 4, 1019: ejus rei ipsa verba formulae testimonio sunt,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 4, 11:haec res ad levandam annonam impedimento fuit,
Liv. 4, 13:cujus rei Demosthenes atque Aeschines possunt esse documento,
Quint. 7, 1, 2.—With second dat. of pers.:7.obsecro vos ego mi auxilio sitis,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 9, 5; id. Ep. 5, 2, 11; id. Most. 1, 2, 68:ne quid Captioni mihi sit,
id. ib. 3, 3, 19:mihi cordi est,
id. Cist. 1, 1, 110:ubi eris damno molestiae et dedecori saepe fueris,
id. As. 3, 2, 25:metuo illaec mihi res ne malo magno fuat,
id. Mil. 2, 6, 12:nec Salus nobis saluti jam esse potest,
id. Most. 2, 1, 4:bono usui estis nulli,
id. Curc. 4, 2, 15:quae sint nobis morbo mortique,
Lucr. 6, 1095:quo magis quae agis curae sunt mihi,
Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 46:omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: ut mihi magnae curae tuam vitam ac dignitatem esse scires, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A fin.:accusant ei, quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13: haec tam parva [p. 1800] civitas praedae tibi et quaestui fuit, id. Verr. 2, 3, 37, § 85:ea dictitare, quae detrimento, maculae, invidiae, infamiae nobis omnibus esse possint,
id. ib. 2, 3, 62, §144: minus ea bella curae patribus erant, quam, etc.,
Liv. 35, 23, 1:sciant patribus aeque curae fuisse, ne, etc.,
id. 4, 7, 6:si hoc perinde curae est tibi quam illud mihi,
Plin. Ep. 6, 8, 9:quantaeque curae tibi fuit, ne quis, etc.,
id. Pan. 25, 3:quantae sit mihi curae,
id. Ep. 6, 8, 2:si judicibus ipsis aut gloriae damnatio rei aut deformitati futura absolutio,
Quint. 6, 1, 12.—Rarely with dat. gerund:nec tamen impedimento id rebus gerundis fuit,
Liv. 26, 24 (for a full account of this dative, v. Roby, Gram. 2, praef. pp. xxv.-lvi., and § 1158 sq.).—Esse ad aliquid, to be of use for, to serve for:8.vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,
Cato, R. R. 125:completae naves taeda et pice reliquisque rebus quae sunt ad incendia,
Caes. B. C. 3, 101:valvae, quae olim ad ornandum templum erant maxime,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 56, § 124.—Id est or hoc est, with predic.-clause by way of explanatory addition, that is, that is to say; sometimes also with a climax in the sense, which is as much as to say, or which is the same thing:9.sed domum redeamus, id est ad nostros revertamur,
Cic. Brut. 46, 172:quodsi in scena, id est in contione verum valet, etc.,
id. Lael. 26, 97:meos amicos, in quibus est studium, in Graeciam mitto, id est ad Graecos ire jubeo,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 8:si Epicurum, id est si Democritum probarem,
id. ib. 1, 2, 6:ut (sapiens) aegritudine opprimatur, id est miseria,
id. Tusc. 3, 13, 27: a parte negotiali, hoc est pragmatikêi, Quint. 3, 7, 1:cum in bona tua invasero, hoc est, cum te docuero,
id. 8, 3, 89.—Poet., with Greek inf. pleonastically:2.esse dederat monumentum,
Verg. A. 5, 572 (cf.: dôke xeinêion einai, Hom. Il. 10, 269).sum = eum, Enn. ap. Fest., v. is.3.sum- in composition, for sub before m; v. sub fin. -
19 moltus
multus (old form moltus), a, um; comp. plus; sup. plurimus (v. at the end of this art.), adj. [etym. dub.], much, great, many, of things corporeal and incorporeal.I.Posit.A.In gen.: multi mortales, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: multi suam rem [p. 1173] bene gessere: multi qui, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. v. 295 sq. Vahl.):B.multi fortissimi viri,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:rationes,
id. de Or. 1, 51, 222. tam multis verbis scribere, at such length, id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:beneficia. Cato ap. Fest. s. v. ratissima, p. 286 Mull.: multi alii,
Ter. And. 5, 4, 28.—When used with another adjective it is usually connected with it by a conjunction:multae et magnae contentiones,
many great conlests, Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 7; 3, 10, 26:O multas et graves offensiones,
id. Att. 11, 7, 3:multi et graves dolores,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 119:multi et varii timores,
Liv. 3, 16, 3:multae bonaeque artes animi,
Sall. J. 28, 5:multa et clara facinora,
Tac. A. 12, 31.—But when the second adjective is used substantively the conjunction is omitted:multi improbi,
Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28; 2, 19, 65:multi boni, docti, prudentes,
id. Fl. 4, 8:multi nobiles,
id. Planc. 20, 50:multa acerba habuit ille annus,
id. Sest. 27, 58; 66, 139:multa infanda,
Liv. 28, 12, 5:multa falsa,
id. 35, 23, 2.—Also, when the second adjective forms with its substantive a single conception:multa secunda proelia,
victories, Liv. 9, 42, 5; 35, 1, 3; 41, 17, 1:multa libera capita,
freemen, id. 42, 41, 11:multae liberae civitates,
republics, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:multos fortes viros,
id. Cat. 3, 2, 7; id. Mur. 8, 17:multi clari viri,
noblemen, id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:multi primarii viri,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149.—Similarly, et is omitted between multi and adjectives which form with their substantives familiar phrases:multi clarissimi viri,
Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24:multi amplissimi viri,
id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Deiot. 14, 39; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Att. 10, 8, 7; 16, 16, 11; id. Verr. 1, 7, 19:multi honestissimi homines,
id. Fam. 15, 15, 3:multi peritissimi homines,
id. Caecin. 24, 69:multi summi homines,
id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:multi clarissimi et sapientissimi viri,
id. Planc. 4, 11; id. Cael. 18, 43.—Et is also omitted when the substantive stands between the two adjectives:in veteribus patronis multis,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 2:multa praeterea bella gravia,
id. Agr. 2, 33, 90:multis suppliciis justis,
id. Cat. 1, 8, 20:multa majores nostri magna et gravia bella gesserunt,
id. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6:plurima signa pulcherrima,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 61.—When both adjectives follow the substantive, et is sometimes inserted:virtutes animi multae et magnae,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:causas ille multas et graves habuit,
id. Clu. 30, 82;and is sometimes omitted, the emphasis then falling on the second adjective: utebatur hominibus improbis, multis,
id. Cael. 5, 12:prodigia multa, foeda,
Liv. 40, 29, 1.—With a partitive gen.:multi hominum,
Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 96:multae silvestrium arborum,
id. 16, 31, 56, § 128.—In neutr. plur.: multa, orum, many things, much:nimium multa,
Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 3:nimis multa,
id. Fin. 2, 18, 57:insulae non ita multae,
not so many, not so very many, Plin. 5, 7, 7, § 41:parum multa scire,
too few, Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1: bene multi, a good many, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:quam minime multa vestigia servitutis,
as few as possible, Nep. Tim. 3, 3:minime multi remiges,
exceedingly few, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:in multas pecunias alienissimorum hominum invasit,
id. Phil. 2, 16, 41; id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48:multae pecuniae variis ex causis a privatis detinentur,
Plin. Ep. 10, 17, 3.—Sometimes multi stands for multi alii, many others:nam certe Pompeio, et a Curionibus patre et filio, et a multis exprobratum est,
Suet. Caes. 50.—The sing. also is used poet. for the plur., many a:aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane Apros in obstantes plagas,
with many dogs, Hor. Epod. 2, 31:multa prece prosequi,
id. C. 4, 5, 33:multa victima,
Verg. E. 1, 34: agna. Ov. F. 4, 772:avis,
id. Am. 3, 5, 4:tabella,
Tib. 1, 3, 28; so of persons: multus sua vulnera puppi Affixit moriens, many a one, for multi affixerunt, Luc. 3, 707.—In sing., to denote quantity, much, great, abundant: multum aurum et argentum. Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 8; 22:exstructa mensa multa carne rancida,
Cic. Pis. 27, 67:multo labore quaerere aliquid,
with much labor, great exertion, Cic. Sull. 26, 73:cura,
Sall. J. 7, 4:sol,
much sun, Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 81: sermo, much conversalion, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1: stilus tuus multi sudoris est. Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 257: multo cibo et potione completi, id. Tusc. 5, 35, 100:multo sanguine ea Poenis victoria stetit,
Liv. 23, 30, 2:multum sanguinem haurire,
Curt. 4, 14, 17; 8, 14, 32:multam harenam mare evomit,
id. 4, 6, 8:arbor,
id. 7, 4, 26:silva,
id. 8, 10, 14:multae vestis injectu opprimi,
Tac. A. 6, 50:multa et lauta supellex,
Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 66:aurum,
Sall. J. 13, 6; Tac. A. 6, 33; Liv. 26, 11, 9; Curt. 3, 3, 12:libertas,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 5:multam salutem dicere alicui,
to greet heartily, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 194:cum auro et argento multo,
Sall. J. 13, 6.—Of time:Itaque multum diei processerat,
a great part of the day, Sall. J. 51, 2:ad multum diem,
till far in the day, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:multo adhuc die,
when much of the day was still remaining, when it was still high day, Tac. H. 2, 44:multo denique die,
when the day was far spent, Caes. B. G. 1, 22:multa nocte,
late at night, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 2:multo mane,
very early, id. Att. 5, 4, 1:multa opinio, for multorum,
the general opinion, Gell. 3, 16, 1:velut multa pace,
as in a general peace, as if there were peace everywhere, Tac. H. 4, 35:multus homo,
one who gives himself up to the lusts of many, Cat. 112, 1.— multi, orum, m., the many, the common mass, the multitude: probis probatus potius, quam multis forem, Att. ap. Non. 519, 9:video ego te, mulier, more multarum utier,
id. ib. —Esp.: unus e (or de) multis, one of the multitude, a man of no distinction:tenuis L. Virginius unusque e multis,
Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 62:unus de multis esse,
id. Off. 1, 30, 109: M. Calidius non fuit orator unus e multis;potius inter multos prope singularis fuit,
id. Brut. 79, 274:numerarer in multis,
among the herd of orators, id. ib. 97, 333:e multis una sit tibi,
no better than others, Ov. R. Am. 682:multum est,
it is of importance, Verg. G. 2, 272.—In neutr. absol.: ne multa, or ne multis, not to be prolix, in short:ne multa: perquiritur a coactoribus,
Cic. Clu. 64, 181:ne multis: Diogenes emitur,
id. ib. 16, 47:quid multis moror?
Ter. And. 1, 1, 87.—Sometimes multa is used (particularly by the poets) adverbially, much, greatly, very:multa reluctari,
Verg. G. 4, 301:gemens,
id. ib. 3, 226; id. A. 5, 869:deos testatus,
id. ib. 7, 593:invehi,
Nep. Ep. 6, 1 (cf. nonnulla invehi, id. Tim. 5, 3):haud multa moratus,
Verg. A. 3, 610.—Rarely in multum:in multum velociores,
by far, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—In partic.1.Too much, overmuch, excessive:2.supellex modica, non multa,
Nep. Att. 13, 5.—In speech, much-speaking, diffuse, prolix:3.qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est,
Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17:ne in re nota et pervulgata multus et insolens sim,
id. ib. 2, 87, 358:nolo in stellarum ratione multus vobis videri,
id. N. D. 2, 46, 119.—Frequent, frequently present:A.in operibus, in agmine, atque ad vigilias multus adesse,
Sall. J. 96, 3:multus in eo proelio Caesar fuit,
was in many places, Flor. 4, 2, 50:hen hercle hominem multum et odiosum mihi!
troublesome, tedious, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 41:instare,
Sall. J. 84, 1.—Hence, adv., in two forms.multum, much, very much, greatly, very, often, frequently, far, etc. (class.):B.salve multum, gnate mi,
Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 56:multum vale,
farewell, id. Stich. 3, 2, 40:hominem ineptum multum et odiosum mihi,
id. Men. 2, 2, 42:opinor, Cassium uti non ita multum sorore,
not very much, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 3:multum mecum municipales homines loquuntur,
often, id. Att. 8, 13, 2:non multum ille quidem nec saepe dicebat,
id. Brut. 34, 128:non multum confidere,
not very much, not particularly, Caes. B. G. 3, 25:sunt in venationibus,
often, frequently, id. ib. 4, 1:in eodem genere causarum multum erat T. Juventius,
Cic. Brut. 48, 178:multum fuisse cum aliquo,
to have had much intercourse with, id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:sum multum equidem cum Phaedro in Epicuri hortis,
id. Fin. 5, 1, 3:gratia valere,
to be in great favor, Nep. Con. 2, 1:res multum et saepe quaesita,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33:longe omnes multumque superabit,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 115:multum et diu cogitans,
id. Div. 2, 1, 1:diu multumque scriptitare,
id. de Or. 1, 33, 152.—With an adj.:multum loquaces,
very talkative, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 5:mepti labores,
very, Plin. Ep. 1, 9.— Poet. also with comp.:multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,
much, far, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:multum robustior illo,
Juv. 19, 197:majora,
Sil. 13, 708.— So with infra, post:haud multum infra viam,
Liv. 5, 37, 7; Plin. 98, 7, § 20:haud multum post mortem ejus,
Tac. A. 5, 3:ut multum,
at most, Mart. 10, 11, 6; Vop. Aur. 46.—multō by much, much, a great deal, far, by far (class.).1.With comparatives and verbs which imply comparison:2.multo tanto carior,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:pauciores oratores,
Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 11:facilius atque expeditius iter,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6.—With verbs:virtutem omnibus rebus multo anteponentes,
Cic. Fin. 4, 18, 49:multo ceteros anteibant,
Tac. H. 4, 13:multo praestat beneficii, quam maleficii immemorem esse,
Sall. J. 31, 28.—With malle:multo mavolo,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 88; id. Ps. 2, 4, 38:meo judicio multo stare malo, quam, etc.,
Cic. Att. 12, 21, 1.—With sup. (rare but class.), by far, by much:3.quae tibi mulier videtur multo sapientissuma,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 66; id. Am. 2, 2, 150: multo optimus hostis, by far, Lucil. ap. Non. 4, 413:simulacrum multo antiquissimum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109; 2, 4, 23, § 50; id. Cat. 4, 8, 17:maxima pars,
id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 54; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 82:multo id bellum maximum fuit,
Liv. 1, 11, 5:pars multo maxima,
id. 30, 18, 14: multo molestissima, Cic. Div. in. Caecil. 11, 36:multo gratissima lux,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 39:foedissimum,
Quint. 9, 4, 72:optimum,
id. ib. 26:pulcherrimum,
id. 1, 2, 24:utilissima,
id. 2, 10, 1:maxime,
Auct. Her. 4, 44, 58:multo maxime miserabile,
Sall. C. 36, 4:multo maxime ingenio validus,
id. J. 6, 1.—With particles denoting a difference, far, greatly, very:4.multo aliter,
Ter. And. prol. 4:multo aliter ac sperabat,
far otherwise than, Nep. Ham. 2:quod non multo secus fieret, si,
not far otherwise, not very different, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1: multo infra Cyrenaicum. Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 40. —In specifications of time, before ante and post, long, much:5.non multo ante urbem captam,
Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101:non multo ante,
not long before, Nep. Eum. 3, 3:multo ante,
Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:non multo post, quam, etc.,
not long after, id. Att. 12, 49, 9:haud multo ante solis occasum,
Liv. 5, 39, 2:multo ante noctem,
id. 27, 42, 13.—Very rarely with the positive for multum:6.maligna multo,
very, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 83 Umpf.—Doubled, multo multoque, with comparatives:II.multo multoque longior,
far, very much, Front. ad M. Caes. 2, 5:multo multoque operosius est,
Val. Max. 4, 1, 2: multo multoque magis, Front. Laud. Negl. § 3.Comp.: plūs, pluris; in the plur., plures, plura (in sing. anciently written plous; three times in the S. C. de Bacch. Here perh. belongs, in the plur., pleores and pleoris, for plures, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.—For the class. neuter of the plur., plura, the form pluria was used in ante-class. Latinity. Gellius cites M. Cato, Q. Claudius, Valerius Antias, L. AElius, P. Nigidius, and M. Varro as authorities for this form, Gell. 5, 21, 6; yet Plautus and Terence have only plura; and the earlier reading pluria, in Lucr. 1, 877; 2, 1135; 4, 1085, is now supplanted by the critically certain plura and plurima.—The gen. plur. plurium, however, has remained the predominant form, e. g. Quint. 7, 1, 1; 8, 4, 27; 9, 4, 66 et saep.) [from the root ple; Gr. pleon, pimplêmi; cf. plenus, plera, compleo, etc.; also locu-ples, plebes, populus, etc.], more.A.In the sing. (used both substantively and adverbially): LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO. SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Gell. 20, 1, 45: SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT, SE FRAVDE ESTO, ib.;(β).so (perh. in imitation of this legal phrase): ebeu, cur ego plus minusve feci quam aequom fuit!
Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 18; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:ne plus minusve loqueretur,
Suet. Aug. 84; cf. Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 27; and in the signif. of circiter, about: septingenti sunt paulo plus aut minus anni... postquam, etc., Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 493 Vahl.);so. non longius abesse plus minus octo milibus,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 20, 1 Oud.; cf.:speranti plures... venerunt plusve minusve duae,
Mart. 8, 71, 4:aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,
too much... too little, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:tantum et plus etiam ipse mihi deberet,
Cic. Att. 7, 3, 7:vos et decem numero, et, quod plus est, Romani estis,
and what is more, Liv. 9, 24, 8:verbane plus an sententia valere debeat,
Cic. Top. 25, 96: [p. 1174] cf.:apud me argumenta plus quam testes valent,
id. Rep. 1, 38, 59:valet enim salus plus quam libido,
id. ib. 1, 40, 63.—With a partitive gen.:(γ).vultis pecuniae plus habere,
Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 88; cf.:nostri casus plus honoris habuerunt quam laboris,
id. Rep. 1, 4, 7; so,plus virium,
id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:plus hostium,
Liv. 2, 42:plus dapis et rixae multo minus invidiaeque,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 51:in hac causa eo plus auctoritatis habent, quia, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26; cf.:plus ingenii,
id. ib. 1, 14, 22:Albano non plus animi erat quam fidei,
as little courage as fidelity, Liv. 1, 27, 5.—With quam (some examples of which have already been given above):(δ).non plus quam semel,
Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61:confiteor eos... plus quam sicarios esse,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:ne plus reddat quam acceperit,
id. Lael. 16, 58 et saep.:non plus quam in tres partis posse distribui putaverunt,
into not more than, id. Inv. 1, 34, 57:plus quam decem dies abesse,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:nulla (navis) plus quam triginta remis agatur,
with more than, Liv. 38, 38, 8.—Without quam:(ε).HOMINES PLOVS V. OINVORSEI VIREI ATQVE MVLIERES, S. C. de Bacch. 19 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): plus mille capti,
Liv. 24, 44:plus milies audivi,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 32: plus semel, Varr. ap. Plin. 14, 14, 17, § 96:plus quingentos colaphos infregit mihi,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46:ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37:non plus mille quingentos aeris,
id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:paulo plus ducentos passus a castris,
Liv. 31, 34:cum plus annum aeger fuisset,
id. 40, 2:parte plus dimidia rem auctam,
id. 29, 25.—With a compar. or adverbial abl., or with an abl. of measure:2.VIREI PLOVS DVOBVS, S. C. de Bacch. 20 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,
more than the importunate, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44:ex his alius alio plus habet virium,
Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 6: cave putes hoc tempore plus me quemquam cruciari, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 2:alterum certe non potest, ut plus una vera sit,
Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 5; cf.:in columba plures videri colores, nec esse plus uno,
id. Ac. 2, 25, 79: HOC PLVS NE FACITO, more than this, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:annos sexaginta natus es Aut plus eo,
or more than that, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11:plus aequo,
Cic. Lael. 16, 58:plus paulo,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 8:paulo plus,
Liv. 31, 34: multo plus, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A, 1:plus nimio,
overmuch, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: quam molestum est uno digito plus habere, too much by a finger, i. e. a finger too much, Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 99:uno plus Etruscorum cecidisse in acie,
one man more, Liv. 2, 7, 2.—In the gen. pretii, pluris, of more value, of a higher price, for more, higher, dearer:3.ut plus reddant musti et olei, et pretii pluris,
of greater value, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:ager multo pluris est,
is worth much more, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; cf.:quo pluris sint nostra oliveta,
id. Rep. 3, 9, 16:pluris emere,
dearer, id. Fam. 7, 2, 1; so,vendere,
id. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 48; Hor. S. 2, 3, 300:aedificare,
Col. 1, 4, 7:pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,
of more value, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:mea mihi conscientia pluris est, quam omnium sermo,
Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2:facio pluris omnium hominem neminem,
id. ib. 8, 2, 4:facere aliquem pluris,
make more of one, esteem him more highly, id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:pluris habere,
id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:aestimare,
id. Par. 6, 2, 48:ducere,
id. Att. 7, 3, 5:putare,
id. Off. 3, 4, 18 et saep.—Rarely, instead of the genitive, in the abl. pretii: plure vendunt, Lucil. ap. Charis. 2, p. 189 P.: plure altero tanto, quanto ejus fundus est, velim, Plaut. ib.: plure venit, Cic. ib.—4.Plus plusque, more and more: quem mehercule plus plusque in dies diligo. Cic. Att. 6, 2, 10.—* 5.Like magis, with an adj.:B.plus formosus, for formosior,
Nemes. Ecl. 4, 72.—In the plur.1.Comparatively, more in number:2.omnes qui aere alieno premantur, quos plures esse intellego quam putaram,
Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5; id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:nemini ego plura acerba esse credo ex amore homini umquam oblata quam mihi,
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1:ne plura insignia essent imperii in libero populo quam in regno fuissent,
Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55:multo plura,
many more things, Quint. 3, 6, 28.—In gen., of a great number, many: qui plus fore dicant in pluribus consilii quam in uno. Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55: cf.: quid quaeso interest inter unum et plures, si justitia est in pluribus? id. ib. 1, 39, 61;b.1, 34, 52: non possunt una in civitate multi rem ac fortunas amittere, ut non plures secum in eandem trahant calamitatem,
id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:quod pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 18:plura castella Pompeius tentaverat,
id. B. C. 3, 52:summus dolor plures dies manere non potest,
Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:pluribus diebus, Quint. prooem. § 7: illic plurium rerum est congeries,
id. 8, 4, 27:quae consuetudo sit, pluribus verbis docere,
Cic. Clu. 41, 115:eum pluribus verbis rogat, ut, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64;without verba: quid ego plura dicam?
id. de Or. 1, 5, 18:pluribus haec exsecutus sum,
Phaedr. 3, 10, 59;also elliptically, quid plura? and, ne plura, like quid multa? and ne multa: hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia. Quid plura? hanc vides villam, etc.,
what need of many words? in short, Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 3:sed—ne plura—dicendum enim aliquando est—Pomponium Atticum sic amo, ut alterum fratrem,
id. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—Esp.: plures.(α).The mass, the multitude, opp. pauciores, = hoi oligoi, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 13.—(β).Euphemistically, acc. to the Gr. hoi pleiones, the dead:(γ).quin prius Me ad plures penetravi?
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 14.—The greater number, the majority:III.plures nesciebant qua ex causa convenissent,
Vulg. Act. 19, 32.Sup.: plūrĭmus (archaic form, plisima plurima, Paul. ex Fest. p. 204 and 205 Mull.: PLIOIRVME (I), Epit. of Scipio), a, um [from root ple; whence also plus, q. v., ploirumus for ploisumus; and thence the predominant form plurimus], most, very much, or many (as an adj. in good prose mostly in the plur., except the standing formula of greeting: salutem plurimam dicere alicui; v. infra):(β).hujus sunt plurima simulacra,
Caes. B. G. 6, 17:nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26:plurimae et maximae partes,
id. ib. 1, 4, 8:plurimorum seculorum memoria,
id. ib. 3, 9, 14:haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt,
id. ib. 1, 7, 12 et saep.—In sing.:me plurima praeda onustum,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 4:sermo,
Quint. 2, 2, 5:risus,
id. 6, 3, 85:res,
id. 6, 1, 51:exercitatio,
id. 8 prooem. §28: mons,
very large, Verg. A. 1, 419:cervix,
id. G. 3, 52:Aetna,
Ov. Ib. 600.—Of a greeting: impertit salutem plurimam, Lucil. ap. Non. 472. 16; and esp. freq.: salutem plurimam dicit (commonly abbrev. S. P. D.) at the beginning of letters; v. salus.— Poet.:medio cum plurimus orbe Sol erat,
very powerful, oppressive, Ov. M. 14, 53: plurima qua silva est. thickest, id. ib. 14, 361:coma plurima,
very thick, id. ib. 13, 844:sed plurima nantis in ore Alcyone conjux,
mostly, chiefly, id. ib. 11, 562.—And collect.:plurimus in Junonis honorem Aptum dicet equis Argos,
many a one, very many, Hor. C. 1, 7, 8; so,oleaster plurimus,
Verg. G. 2, 183:qua plurima mittitur ales,
Mart. 9, 56, 1:plurima lecta rosa est,
Ov. F. 4, 441.— In neutr. absol. (substant. or adverb.):ut haberet quam plurimum,
as much as possible, Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39:caput autem est, quam plurimum scribere,
id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:ut in quoque oratore plurimum esset,
id. Rep. 1, 27, 123.— Adv.: plūrĭmum:et is valebat in suffragio plurimum, cujus plurimum intererat, esse in optimo statu civitatem,
Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40:auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,
id. ib. 2, 9, 16:si vero populus plurimum potest,
id. ib. 3, 14, 23; cf.:qui apud me dignitate plurimum possunt,
id. Rosc. Am. 1, 4:plurimum aliis praestare,
id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:ut te plurimum diligam,
id. Fam. 1, 7, 1; id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:hoc ego utor uno omnium plurimum,
id. Fam. 11, 16, 2:quantum (al. quanto) plurimum possunt,
Quint. 11, 3, 120: plurimum quantum also signifies very much indeed, exceedingly (post-class.):plurimum quantum veritati nocuere,
Min. Fel. Oct. 22:gratulor,
id. ib. 40:(elleborum) ex aqua datur plurimum drachma,
at the most, Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54; 9, 36, 60, § 125; 30, 6, 16, § 48; so,cum plurimum,
id. 2, 17, 15, § 78 (opp. to cum minimum); 18, 7, 10, § 60: nec tam numerosa differentia; tribus ut plurimum bonitatibus distat, for the most part, commonly, usually, = plerumque, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 18.—In neutr. with a partit. gen.: sententiarum et gravitatis plurimum, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 25:(γ).artis,
Quint. 10, 5, 3:auctoritatis et ponderis,
id. 9, 4, 91:ut laboris sic utilitatis etiam longe plurimum,
id. 10, 3, 1:virtutum,
id. 12, 1, 20 plurimum quantum favoris partibus dabat fratermtas ducum, Flor. 4, 2, 74.—In the gen. pretii:plurimi: immo unice unum plurimi pendit,
values very highly, esteems very much, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 29:quem unum Alexander plurimi fecerat,
Nep. Eum. 2, 2:ut quisque quod plurimi est possidet,
Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48. -
20 multi
multus (old form moltus), a, um; comp. plus; sup. plurimus (v. at the end of this art.), adj. [etym. dub.], much, great, many, of things corporeal and incorporeal.I.Posit.A.In gen.: multi mortales, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: multi suam rem [p. 1173] bene gessere: multi qui, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. v. 295 sq. Vahl.):B.multi fortissimi viri,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:rationes,
id. de Or. 1, 51, 222. tam multis verbis scribere, at such length, id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:beneficia. Cato ap. Fest. s. v. ratissima, p. 286 Mull.: multi alii,
Ter. And. 5, 4, 28.—When used with another adjective it is usually connected with it by a conjunction:multae et magnae contentiones,
many great conlests, Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 7; 3, 10, 26:O multas et graves offensiones,
id. Att. 11, 7, 3:multi et graves dolores,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 119:multi et varii timores,
Liv. 3, 16, 3:multae bonaeque artes animi,
Sall. J. 28, 5:multa et clara facinora,
Tac. A. 12, 31.—But when the second adjective is used substantively the conjunction is omitted:multi improbi,
Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28; 2, 19, 65:multi boni, docti, prudentes,
id. Fl. 4, 8:multi nobiles,
id. Planc. 20, 50:multa acerba habuit ille annus,
id. Sest. 27, 58; 66, 139:multa infanda,
Liv. 28, 12, 5:multa falsa,
id. 35, 23, 2.—Also, when the second adjective forms with its substantive a single conception:multa secunda proelia,
victories, Liv. 9, 42, 5; 35, 1, 3; 41, 17, 1:multa libera capita,
freemen, id. 42, 41, 11:multae liberae civitates,
republics, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:multos fortes viros,
id. Cat. 3, 2, 7; id. Mur. 8, 17:multi clari viri,
noblemen, id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:multi primarii viri,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149.—Similarly, et is omitted between multi and adjectives which form with their substantives familiar phrases:multi clarissimi viri,
Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24:multi amplissimi viri,
id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Deiot. 14, 39; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Att. 10, 8, 7; 16, 16, 11; id. Verr. 1, 7, 19:multi honestissimi homines,
id. Fam. 15, 15, 3:multi peritissimi homines,
id. Caecin. 24, 69:multi summi homines,
id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:multi clarissimi et sapientissimi viri,
id. Planc. 4, 11; id. Cael. 18, 43.—Et is also omitted when the substantive stands between the two adjectives:in veteribus patronis multis,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 2:multa praeterea bella gravia,
id. Agr. 2, 33, 90:multis suppliciis justis,
id. Cat. 1, 8, 20:multa majores nostri magna et gravia bella gesserunt,
id. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6:plurima signa pulcherrima,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 61.—When both adjectives follow the substantive, et is sometimes inserted:virtutes animi multae et magnae,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:causas ille multas et graves habuit,
id. Clu. 30, 82;and is sometimes omitted, the emphasis then falling on the second adjective: utebatur hominibus improbis, multis,
id. Cael. 5, 12:prodigia multa, foeda,
Liv. 40, 29, 1.—With a partitive gen.:multi hominum,
Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 96:multae silvestrium arborum,
id. 16, 31, 56, § 128.—In neutr. plur.: multa, orum, many things, much:nimium multa,
Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 3:nimis multa,
id. Fin. 2, 18, 57:insulae non ita multae,
not so many, not so very many, Plin. 5, 7, 7, § 41:parum multa scire,
too few, Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1: bene multi, a good many, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:quam minime multa vestigia servitutis,
as few as possible, Nep. Tim. 3, 3:minime multi remiges,
exceedingly few, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:in multas pecunias alienissimorum hominum invasit,
id. Phil. 2, 16, 41; id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48:multae pecuniae variis ex causis a privatis detinentur,
Plin. Ep. 10, 17, 3.—Sometimes multi stands for multi alii, many others:nam certe Pompeio, et a Curionibus patre et filio, et a multis exprobratum est,
Suet. Caes. 50.—The sing. also is used poet. for the plur., many a:aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane Apros in obstantes plagas,
with many dogs, Hor. Epod. 2, 31:multa prece prosequi,
id. C. 4, 5, 33:multa victima,
Verg. E. 1, 34: agna. Ov. F. 4, 772:avis,
id. Am. 3, 5, 4:tabella,
Tib. 1, 3, 28; so of persons: multus sua vulnera puppi Affixit moriens, many a one, for multi affixerunt, Luc. 3, 707.—In sing., to denote quantity, much, great, abundant: multum aurum et argentum. Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 8; 22:exstructa mensa multa carne rancida,
Cic. Pis. 27, 67:multo labore quaerere aliquid,
with much labor, great exertion, Cic. Sull. 26, 73:cura,
Sall. J. 7, 4:sol,
much sun, Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 81: sermo, much conversalion, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1: stilus tuus multi sudoris est. Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 257: multo cibo et potione completi, id. Tusc. 5, 35, 100:multo sanguine ea Poenis victoria stetit,
Liv. 23, 30, 2:multum sanguinem haurire,
Curt. 4, 14, 17; 8, 14, 32:multam harenam mare evomit,
id. 4, 6, 8:arbor,
id. 7, 4, 26:silva,
id. 8, 10, 14:multae vestis injectu opprimi,
Tac. A. 6, 50:multa et lauta supellex,
Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 66:aurum,
Sall. J. 13, 6; Tac. A. 6, 33; Liv. 26, 11, 9; Curt. 3, 3, 12:libertas,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 5:multam salutem dicere alicui,
to greet heartily, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 194:cum auro et argento multo,
Sall. J. 13, 6.—Of time:Itaque multum diei processerat,
a great part of the day, Sall. J. 51, 2:ad multum diem,
till far in the day, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:multo adhuc die,
when much of the day was still remaining, when it was still high day, Tac. H. 2, 44:multo denique die,
when the day was far spent, Caes. B. G. 1, 22:multa nocte,
late at night, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 2:multo mane,
very early, id. Att. 5, 4, 1:multa opinio, for multorum,
the general opinion, Gell. 3, 16, 1:velut multa pace,
as in a general peace, as if there were peace everywhere, Tac. H. 4, 35:multus homo,
one who gives himself up to the lusts of many, Cat. 112, 1.— multi, orum, m., the many, the common mass, the multitude: probis probatus potius, quam multis forem, Att. ap. Non. 519, 9:video ego te, mulier, more multarum utier,
id. ib. —Esp.: unus e (or de) multis, one of the multitude, a man of no distinction:tenuis L. Virginius unusque e multis,
Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 62:unus de multis esse,
id. Off. 1, 30, 109: M. Calidius non fuit orator unus e multis;potius inter multos prope singularis fuit,
id. Brut. 79, 274:numerarer in multis,
among the herd of orators, id. ib. 97, 333:e multis una sit tibi,
no better than others, Ov. R. Am. 682:multum est,
it is of importance, Verg. G. 2, 272.—In neutr. absol.: ne multa, or ne multis, not to be prolix, in short:ne multa: perquiritur a coactoribus,
Cic. Clu. 64, 181:ne multis: Diogenes emitur,
id. ib. 16, 47:quid multis moror?
Ter. And. 1, 1, 87.—Sometimes multa is used (particularly by the poets) adverbially, much, greatly, very:multa reluctari,
Verg. G. 4, 301:gemens,
id. ib. 3, 226; id. A. 5, 869:deos testatus,
id. ib. 7, 593:invehi,
Nep. Ep. 6, 1 (cf. nonnulla invehi, id. Tim. 5, 3):haud multa moratus,
Verg. A. 3, 610.—Rarely in multum:in multum velociores,
by far, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—In partic.1.Too much, overmuch, excessive:2.supellex modica, non multa,
Nep. Att. 13, 5.—In speech, much-speaking, diffuse, prolix:3.qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est,
Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17:ne in re nota et pervulgata multus et insolens sim,
id. ib. 2, 87, 358:nolo in stellarum ratione multus vobis videri,
id. N. D. 2, 46, 119.—Frequent, frequently present:A.in operibus, in agmine, atque ad vigilias multus adesse,
Sall. J. 96, 3:multus in eo proelio Caesar fuit,
was in many places, Flor. 4, 2, 50:hen hercle hominem multum et odiosum mihi!
troublesome, tedious, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 41:instare,
Sall. J. 84, 1.—Hence, adv., in two forms.multum, much, very much, greatly, very, often, frequently, far, etc. (class.):B.salve multum, gnate mi,
Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 56:multum vale,
farewell, id. Stich. 3, 2, 40:hominem ineptum multum et odiosum mihi,
id. Men. 2, 2, 42:opinor, Cassium uti non ita multum sorore,
not very much, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 3:multum mecum municipales homines loquuntur,
often, id. Att. 8, 13, 2:non multum ille quidem nec saepe dicebat,
id. Brut. 34, 128:non multum confidere,
not very much, not particularly, Caes. B. G. 3, 25:sunt in venationibus,
often, frequently, id. ib. 4, 1:in eodem genere causarum multum erat T. Juventius,
Cic. Brut. 48, 178:multum fuisse cum aliquo,
to have had much intercourse with, id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:sum multum equidem cum Phaedro in Epicuri hortis,
id. Fin. 5, 1, 3:gratia valere,
to be in great favor, Nep. Con. 2, 1:res multum et saepe quaesita,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33:longe omnes multumque superabit,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 115:multum et diu cogitans,
id. Div. 2, 1, 1:diu multumque scriptitare,
id. de Or. 1, 33, 152.—With an adj.:multum loquaces,
very talkative, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 5:mepti labores,
very, Plin. Ep. 1, 9.— Poet. also with comp.:multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,
much, far, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:multum robustior illo,
Juv. 19, 197:majora,
Sil. 13, 708.— So with infra, post:haud multum infra viam,
Liv. 5, 37, 7; Plin. 98, 7, § 20:haud multum post mortem ejus,
Tac. A. 5, 3:ut multum,
at most, Mart. 10, 11, 6; Vop. Aur. 46.—multō by much, much, a great deal, far, by far (class.).1.With comparatives and verbs which imply comparison:2.multo tanto carior,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:pauciores oratores,
Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 11:facilius atque expeditius iter,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6.—With verbs:virtutem omnibus rebus multo anteponentes,
Cic. Fin. 4, 18, 49:multo ceteros anteibant,
Tac. H. 4, 13:multo praestat beneficii, quam maleficii immemorem esse,
Sall. J. 31, 28.—With malle:multo mavolo,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 88; id. Ps. 2, 4, 38:meo judicio multo stare malo, quam, etc.,
Cic. Att. 12, 21, 1.—With sup. (rare but class.), by far, by much:3.quae tibi mulier videtur multo sapientissuma,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 66; id. Am. 2, 2, 150: multo optimus hostis, by far, Lucil. ap. Non. 4, 413:simulacrum multo antiquissimum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109; 2, 4, 23, § 50; id. Cat. 4, 8, 17:maxima pars,
id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 54; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 82:multo id bellum maximum fuit,
Liv. 1, 11, 5:pars multo maxima,
id. 30, 18, 14: multo molestissima, Cic. Div. in. Caecil. 11, 36:multo gratissima lux,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 39:foedissimum,
Quint. 9, 4, 72:optimum,
id. ib. 26:pulcherrimum,
id. 1, 2, 24:utilissima,
id. 2, 10, 1:maxime,
Auct. Her. 4, 44, 58:multo maxime miserabile,
Sall. C. 36, 4:multo maxime ingenio validus,
id. J. 6, 1.—With particles denoting a difference, far, greatly, very:4.multo aliter,
Ter. And. prol. 4:multo aliter ac sperabat,
far otherwise than, Nep. Ham. 2:quod non multo secus fieret, si,
not far otherwise, not very different, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1: multo infra Cyrenaicum. Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 40. —In specifications of time, before ante and post, long, much:5.non multo ante urbem captam,
Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101:non multo ante,
not long before, Nep. Eum. 3, 3:multo ante,
Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:non multo post, quam, etc.,
not long after, id. Att. 12, 49, 9:haud multo ante solis occasum,
Liv. 5, 39, 2:multo ante noctem,
id. 27, 42, 13.—Very rarely with the positive for multum:6.maligna multo,
very, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 83 Umpf.—Doubled, multo multoque, with comparatives:II.multo multoque longior,
far, very much, Front. ad M. Caes. 2, 5:multo multoque operosius est,
Val. Max. 4, 1, 2: multo multoque magis, Front. Laud. Negl. § 3.Comp.: plūs, pluris; in the plur., plures, plura (in sing. anciently written plous; three times in the S. C. de Bacch. Here perh. belongs, in the plur., pleores and pleoris, for plures, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.—For the class. neuter of the plur., plura, the form pluria was used in ante-class. Latinity. Gellius cites M. Cato, Q. Claudius, Valerius Antias, L. AElius, P. Nigidius, and M. Varro as authorities for this form, Gell. 5, 21, 6; yet Plautus and Terence have only plura; and the earlier reading pluria, in Lucr. 1, 877; 2, 1135; 4, 1085, is now supplanted by the critically certain plura and plurima.—The gen. plur. plurium, however, has remained the predominant form, e. g. Quint. 7, 1, 1; 8, 4, 27; 9, 4, 66 et saep.) [from the root ple; Gr. pleon, pimplêmi; cf. plenus, plera, compleo, etc.; also locu-ples, plebes, populus, etc.], more.A.In the sing. (used both substantively and adverbially): LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO. SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Gell. 20, 1, 45: SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT, SE FRAVDE ESTO, ib.;(β).so (perh. in imitation of this legal phrase): ebeu, cur ego plus minusve feci quam aequom fuit!
Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 18; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:ne plus minusve loqueretur,
Suet. Aug. 84; cf. Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 27; and in the signif. of circiter, about: septingenti sunt paulo plus aut minus anni... postquam, etc., Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 493 Vahl.);so. non longius abesse plus minus octo milibus,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 20, 1 Oud.; cf.:speranti plures... venerunt plusve minusve duae,
Mart. 8, 71, 4:aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,
too much... too little, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:tantum et plus etiam ipse mihi deberet,
Cic. Att. 7, 3, 7:vos et decem numero, et, quod plus est, Romani estis,
and what is more, Liv. 9, 24, 8:verbane plus an sententia valere debeat,
Cic. Top. 25, 96: [p. 1174] cf.:apud me argumenta plus quam testes valent,
id. Rep. 1, 38, 59:valet enim salus plus quam libido,
id. ib. 1, 40, 63.—With a partitive gen.:(γ).vultis pecuniae plus habere,
Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 88; cf.:nostri casus plus honoris habuerunt quam laboris,
id. Rep. 1, 4, 7; so,plus virium,
id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:plus hostium,
Liv. 2, 42:plus dapis et rixae multo minus invidiaeque,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 51:in hac causa eo plus auctoritatis habent, quia, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26; cf.:plus ingenii,
id. ib. 1, 14, 22:Albano non plus animi erat quam fidei,
as little courage as fidelity, Liv. 1, 27, 5.—With quam (some examples of which have already been given above):(δ).non plus quam semel,
Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61:confiteor eos... plus quam sicarios esse,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:ne plus reddat quam acceperit,
id. Lael. 16, 58 et saep.:non plus quam in tres partis posse distribui putaverunt,
into not more than, id. Inv. 1, 34, 57:plus quam decem dies abesse,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:nulla (navis) plus quam triginta remis agatur,
with more than, Liv. 38, 38, 8.—Without quam:(ε).HOMINES PLOVS V. OINVORSEI VIREI ATQVE MVLIERES, S. C. de Bacch. 19 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): plus mille capti,
Liv. 24, 44:plus milies audivi,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 32: plus semel, Varr. ap. Plin. 14, 14, 17, § 96:plus quingentos colaphos infregit mihi,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46:ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37:non plus mille quingentos aeris,
id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:paulo plus ducentos passus a castris,
Liv. 31, 34:cum plus annum aeger fuisset,
id. 40, 2:parte plus dimidia rem auctam,
id. 29, 25.—With a compar. or adverbial abl., or with an abl. of measure:2.VIREI PLOVS DVOBVS, S. C. de Bacch. 20 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,
more than the importunate, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44:ex his alius alio plus habet virium,
Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 6: cave putes hoc tempore plus me quemquam cruciari, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 2:alterum certe non potest, ut plus una vera sit,
Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 5; cf.:in columba plures videri colores, nec esse plus uno,
id. Ac. 2, 25, 79: HOC PLVS NE FACITO, more than this, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:annos sexaginta natus es Aut plus eo,
or more than that, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11:plus aequo,
Cic. Lael. 16, 58:plus paulo,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 8:paulo plus,
Liv. 31, 34: multo plus, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A, 1:plus nimio,
overmuch, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: quam molestum est uno digito plus habere, too much by a finger, i. e. a finger too much, Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 99:uno plus Etruscorum cecidisse in acie,
one man more, Liv. 2, 7, 2.—In the gen. pretii, pluris, of more value, of a higher price, for more, higher, dearer:3.ut plus reddant musti et olei, et pretii pluris,
of greater value, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:ager multo pluris est,
is worth much more, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; cf.:quo pluris sint nostra oliveta,
id. Rep. 3, 9, 16:pluris emere,
dearer, id. Fam. 7, 2, 1; so,vendere,
id. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 48; Hor. S. 2, 3, 300:aedificare,
Col. 1, 4, 7:pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,
of more value, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:mea mihi conscientia pluris est, quam omnium sermo,
Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2:facio pluris omnium hominem neminem,
id. ib. 8, 2, 4:facere aliquem pluris,
make more of one, esteem him more highly, id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:pluris habere,
id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:aestimare,
id. Par. 6, 2, 48:ducere,
id. Att. 7, 3, 5:putare,
id. Off. 3, 4, 18 et saep.—Rarely, instead of the genitive, in the abl. pretii: plure vendunt, Lucil. ap. Charis. 2, p. 189 P.: plure altero tanto, quanto ejus fundus est, velim, Plaut. ib.: plure venit, Cic. ib.—4.Plus plusque, more and more: quem mehercule plus plusque in dies diligo. Cic. Att. 6, 2, 10.—* 5.Like magis, with an adj.:B.plus formosus, for formosior,
Nemes. Ecl. 4, 72.—In the plur.1.Comparatively, more in number:2.omnes qui aere alieno premantur, quos plures esse intellego quam putaram,
Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5; id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:nemini ego plura acerba esse credo ex amore homini umquam oblata quam mihi,
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1:ne plura insignia essent imperii in libero populo quam in regno fuissent,
Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55:multo plura,
many more things, Quint. 3, 6, 28.—In gen., of a great number, many: qui plus fore dicant in pluribus consilii quam in uno. Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55: cf.: quid quaeso interest inter unum et plures, si justitia est in pluribus? id. ib. 1, 39, 61;b.1, 34, 52: non possunt una in civitate multi rem ac fortunas amittere, ut non plures secum in eandem trahant calamitatem,
id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:quod pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 18:plura castella Pompeius tentaverat,
id. B. C. 3, 52:summus dolor plures dies manere non potest,
Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:pluribus diebus, Quint. prooem. § 7: illic plurium rerum est congeries,
id. 8, 4, 27:quae consuetudo sit, pluribus verbis docere,
Cic. Clu. 41, 115:eum pluribus verbis rogat, ut, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64;without verba: quid ego plura dicam?
id. de Or. 1, 5, 18:pluribus haec exsecutus sum,
Phaedr. 3, 10, 59;also elliptically, quid plura? and, ne plura, like quid multa? and ne multa: hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia. Quid plura? hanc vides villam, etc.,
what need of many words? in short, Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 3:sed—ne plura—dicendum enim aliquando est—Pomponium Atticum sic amo, ut alterum fratrem,
id. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—Esp.: plures.(α).The mass, the multitude, opp. pauciores, = hoi oligoi, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 13.—(β).Euphemistically, acc. to the Gr. hoi pleiones, the dead:(γ).quin prius Me ad plures penetravi?
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 14.—The greater number, the majority:III.plures nesciebant qua ex causa convenissent,
Vulg. Act. 19, 32.Sup.: plūrĭmus (archaic form, plisima plurima, Paul. ex Fest. p. 204 and 205 Mull.: PLIOIRVME (I), Epit. of Scipio), a, um [from root ple; whence also plus, q. v., ploirumus for ploisumus; and thence the predominant form plurimus], most, very much, or many (as an adj. in good prose mostly in the plur., except the standing formula of greeting: salutem plurimam dicere alicui; v. infra):(β).hujus sunt plurima simulacra,
Caes. B. G. 6, 17:nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26:plurimae et maximae partes,
id. ib. 1, 4, 8:plurimorum seculorum memoria,
id. ib. 3, 9, 14:haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt,
id. ib. 1, 7, 12 et saep.—In sing.:me plurima praeda onustum,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 4:sermo,
Quint. 2, 2, 5:risus,
id. 6, 3, 85:res,
id. 6, 1, 51:exercitatio,
id. 8 prooem. §28: mons,
very large, Verg. A. 1, 419:cervix,
id. G. 3, 52:Aetna,
Ov. Ib. 600.—Of a greeting: impertit salutem plurimam, Lucil. ap. Non. 472. 16; and esp. freq.: salutem plurimam dicit (commonly abbrev. S. P. D.) at the beginning of letters; v. salus.— Poet.:medio cum plurimus orbe Sol erat,
very powerful, oppressive, Ov. M. 14, 53: plurima qua silva est. thickest, id. ib. 14, 361:coma plurima,
very thick, id. ib. 13, 844:sed plurima nantis in ore Alcyone conjux,
mostly, chiefly, id. ib. 11, 562.—And collect.:plurimus in Junonis honorem Aptum dicet equis Argos,
many a one, very many, Hor. C. 1, 7, 8; so,oleaster plurimus,
Verg. G. 2, 183:qua plurima mittitur ales,
Mart. 9, 56, 1:plurima lecta rosa est,
Ov. F. 4, 441.— In neutr. absol. (substant. or adverb.):ut haberet quam plurimum,
as much as possible, Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39:caput autem est, quam plurimum scribere,
id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:ut in quoque oratore plurimum esset,
id. Rep. 1, 27, 123.— Adv.: plūrĭmum:et is valebat in suffragio plurimum, cujus plurimum intererat, esse in optimo statu civitatem,
Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40:auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,
id. ib. 2, 9, 16:si vero populus plurimum potest,
id. ib. 3, 14, 23; cf.:qui apud me dignitate plurimum possunt,
id. Rosc. Am. 1, 4:plurimum aliis praestare,
id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:ut te plurimum diligam,
id. Fam. 1, 7, 1; id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:hoc ego utor uno omnium plurimum,
id. Fam. 11, 16, 2:quantum (al. quanto) plurimum possunt,
Quint. 11, 3, 120: plurimum quantum also signifies very much indeed, exceedingly (post-class.):plurimum quantum veritati nocuere,
Min. Fel. Oct. 22:gratulor,
id. ib. 40:(elleborum) ex aqua datur plurimum drachma,
at the most, Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54; 9, 36, 60, § 125; 30, 6, 16, § 48; so,cum plurimum,
id. 2, 17, 15, § 78 (opp. to cum minimum); 18, 7, 10, § 60: nec tam numerosa differentia; tribus ut plurimum bonitatibus distat, for the most part, commonly, usually, = plerumque, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 18.—In neutr. with a partit. gen.: sententiarum et gravitatis plurimum, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 25:(γ).artis,
Quint. 10, 5, 3:auctoritatis et ponderis,
id. 9, 4, 91:ut laboris sic utilitatis etiam longe plurimum,
id. 10, 3, 1:virtutum,
id. 12, 1, 20 plurimum quantum favoris partibus dabat fratermtas ducum, Flor. 4, 2, 74.—In the gen. pretii:plurimi: immo unice unum plurimi pendit,
values very highly, esteems very much, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 29:quem unum Alexander plurimi fecerat,
Nep. Eum. 2, 2:ut quisque quod plurimi est possidet,
Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48.
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Tugend — 1. Ade, Tugend, hab ich Geld, so bin ich lieb. – Petri, III, 1. 2. Alle Tugend hat aufgehört, Gerechtigkeit ist auch zerstört; der Geistlich irrt, das Geld regiert, die Simonie hat die Welt verführt. – Sutor, 190. 3. Alle Tugend muss sich an den… … Deutsches Sprichwörter-Lexikon
sçavoir — I. Sçavoir, Aucuns sont d advis qu il faut escrire Savoir, et que de cet infinitif Sapere, en muant p en u, on a premierement fait Saver, et depuis Savoir, Scire, noscere. l Italien dit Sapere, et l Espagnol Saber, et esdites trois langues ores… … Thresor de la langue françoyse
Glück — 1. Am Glück ist alles gelegen. Frz.: Il n y a qu heure et malheur en ce monde. Lat.: Fortuna homini plus quam consilium valet. 2. Bâr d s Glück hat, fürt di Braut hem. (Henneberg.) – Frommann, II, 411, 141. 3. Bei grossem Glück bedarf man gute… … Deutsches Sprichwörter-Lexikon
ACHERON — I. ACHERON etiam Epiri fluv. iuxta Pandosiam urbem, ex Acherusiâ, palude thesprotiae, profluens, multisque fluviis auctus in sinum Ambraciam influens, hodie Velichi, seu Verlichi Nigro, Α᾿χερον` Ptolemaeo, Acheros Livio l. 8. c. 24. Straboni… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
CEA vel CEOS — CEA, vel CEOS insula iuxta Euboeam, Cos contracte dicitur ab Heraetide ac Diodero: A Romanis scriproribus, Virgilio, Ovidio, Plinio, Sallustio, apud Servium Cea; A Ptolemaeo Cia; A Lysea apud Suidam, et Aeliano de Auimalibus Cios, e Philone et… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
conscience — Conscience, Dire en sa conscience, Bona fide dicere. A ma conscience, Selon ce que je pense, Ex animi sententia. Homme de bonne conscience, Religiosus. Loyauté et bonne conscience, Religio et fides, B. Une exemplaire d une droite et bonne… … Thresor de la langue françoyse
